Análise cladística de Titidius Simon, 1895 (Thomisidae: Thomisinae: Tmarini)

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Teixeira, Renato Augusto
• Orientador(a): Lise, Arno Antonio
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: BIOLOGIA; ZOOLOGIA; ARACNÍDEOS; TAXIONOMIA; FILOGENIA
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5399

The spiders genus Titidius Simon, 1895 comprises 21 know species distributed from Suriname to Brazil, and its monophyly was tested using a cladistic analysis. In the data matrix were included 73 characters for 31 taxa, which resulted in six equally parsimonious trees of 134 steps (IC = 65; IR= 85; ICR=55). The strict consensus tree was utilized to discuss the relationships of Titidius and also the other genera of Tmarini, as well as to propose two new genera: Lystrarachne gen. nov. and Somatochromus gen. nov. . Titidius rubrosignatus (Keyserling), T. galbanatus (Keyserling), T. quinquenotatus Mello-Leitão, T. rubescens Caporiacco, T. caninde Esmério & Lise,, T. guripi Esmério & Lise e Titidius urucu Esmério & Lise were maintained in Titidius. The female of T. galbanatus (Keyserling) is described for the first time in this study. Two species are transferred from Titidius to Lystrarachne gen. nov. : L. curvilineata (Mello-Leitão) comb. nov. and L. multifasciata (Mello-Leitão) comb. nov. Two other species are described in this new genus: Lystrarachne minima sp. nov. , from the southeastern and southern Brazil, and L. similaris sp. nov. , from São Paulo, Brazil. Eight species are transferred from Titidius to Somatochromus gen. nov. : S. albifrons (Mello-Leitão) comb. nov. , S. difficilis (Mello- Leitão) comb. nov. , S. dubius (Mello-Leitão) comb. nov. , S. marmoratus (Mello-Leitão) comb. nov. , S. uncatus (Mello-Leitão) comb. nov. , S. albiscriptus (Mello-Leitão) comb. nov. , S. haemorrhous (Mello-Leitão) comb. nov. and S. pauper (Mello-Leitão) comb. nov. . One new species is described in Somatochromus gen. nov. : S. unciferus sp. nov. , from southeastern and southern Brazil. The species Titidius brasiliensis Mello-Leitão is considered a lapsus calami, to be relative of Titiotus brasiliensis (Tengeliidae).The species Titidius ignestii Caporiacco and T. longicaudatus Mello-Leitão it were not included in this analysis because they are juveniles so, they remain as incertae sedis. Titidius dubitatus Soares & Soares is considered incertae sedis, because it is not related to Titidius. This species forms a clade with two Neotropical species of Tmarus, T. elongatus Mello- Leitão and T. polyandrus Mello- Leitão. The cladogram suggest that Tmarus is polyphyletic because the type-species of the genus Tmarus, T. piger (Walckenaer), appears as the basal species of Tmarini clade, being not related to the clade of the Neotropical Tmarus. Lystrarachne e Somatochromus appears as sister group and derivate from the Acentroscelus Simon, which is basal to the two new genera. Titidius is sister of the clade Acentroscelus + (Lystrarachne + Somatochromus).