Efeitos da terapia laser de baixa potência sobre o reparo ósseo: avaliação do osso submetido à radioterapia e do efeito sistêmico

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Batista, Jonas Dantas
• Orientador(a): Pagnoncelli, Rogério Miranda
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: ODONTOLOGIA; CIRURGIA BUCOMAXILOFACIAL; TRAUMATOLOGIA BUCOMAXILOFACIAL; LASER - ODONTOLOGIA; REPARAÇÃO ÓSSEA (ODONTOLOGIA)
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/540

The low level laser therapy (LLLT) is used to accelerate bone repair with positive results; however, there is no study that evaluate its effect on bone compromised by ionizing radiation (IR). Another issue to be investigated is the existence of systemic effects on bone healing when the laser is applied distant from the area of the surgical bone defect. This study aimed to investigate: 1 - The effect of LLLT on bone healing in femurs previously irradiated by radiotherapy. 2 - The systemic effect of LLLT on bone repair. In the first study, twenty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: group I (control, n = 5) which was submitted only to surgical perforation (SP) of the bone; group II, submitted to SP and LLLT (n = 5); group III, submitted to IR and then SP (n = 5); and group IV, submitted to IR, SP and LLLT (n = 5). Groups II and IV received punctual laser application (DE = 6J/cm2, P = 50mW, t = 120s, and beam diameter of 0. 04cm2) immediately postoperatively, and then three times at every other 48h. Animals were euthanized at 7 days after surgery, and bone sections were evaluated morphometrically with conventional microscopy. Bone repair was only observed in non-irradiated bone, with significantly improvement in group II in comparison to group I. This result demonstrates a positive local biostimulative effect of LLLT in normal bone. However, it was not able to revert the metabolic damage associated to ionizing irradiation. In the second study, forty-five Wistar rats were submitted to osteotomy on left femur and randomly allocated into three different groups: group I, control (n = 15) submitted to confection of the bone defect only; group II, laser applied in the right femur (n = 15); group III, laser applied locally on bone defect and also on the right femur (n = 15). Laser groups (II and III) received the same laser protocol described above. Five animals of each group (n = 5) were euthanized 7, 15 and 21 days after surgery. The histomorphometric analysis showed at 7 days a significant increase of bone formation in group III compared to group I and II. At day 15 and 21, histomorphometric analysis showed no significant differences among the groups. Laser therapy presented a positive local biostimulative effect in early stage of bone healing, but a systemic effect was not observed.