Influência dos capsinóides sobre a contratilidade e morfologia cardíaca de ratos com obesidade

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Domingos, Lucas Furtado
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Nutrição e Saúde; Centro de Ciências da Saúde; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde
• Palavras-chave em Português: Capsinóides; Obesidade; Dieta hiperlipídica; Coração; Contratilidade miocárdica; Ratos; Nutrição
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/18129

Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation. The elevation of adiposity can cause various damages to the cardiovascular system, including pathological cardiac remodeling and impaired myocardial function, respectively. Currently, functional foods and compounds have been used by consumers in an attempt for reducing body fat, including capsinoids (compounds analogous to capsaicin found in chili peppers). These bioactive compounds have demonstrated thermogenic effects, being able to promote physiological changes and to provide support to food digestion, directly influencing the loss of body mass. The literature has shown that capsinoids act to mobilize lipids by activating the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), however, possible side effects on different target organs, specifically cardiac tissue, remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic administration of capsinoids on cardiac contractility and morphology of rats with obesity (Ob) induced by a saturated high-fat diet. Wistar rats (n = 41) were randomized, induced and exposed to different experimental diets: standard diet (SD) and high-fat diet (HFD) with lard for a period of 27 consecutive weeks. After 19 weeks, the SD and HFD animals were renamed and redistributed into two more groups regarding the presence and/or absence of capsinoids: Control (C); Obese (Ob); Control supplemented with capsinoids (CCap); Obese supplemented with capsinoids (ObCap). CCap and ObCap received capsinoids at a dose of 10 mg/Kg by orogastric gavage. Body weight (BW) and fat, body adiposity index, as well as changes in cardiovascular, metabolic and hormonal profiles were determined. Myocardial contractility was analyzed in isolated cardiomyocytes. The results show that there was no difference in the evolution of BW between the SD and HFD groups until week 19, however, from that point onwards, the BW and gain were higher than in the HFD group. After the period of treatment with capsinoids, it was observed that the fat pads and, consequently, the total body fat of the Ob animals were significantly higher than C group, however, the adiposity was similar between the Ob and ObCap groups. Nevertheless, the retroperitoneal fat pad of ObCap group was punctually increased compared to the Ob group. In addition, the results showed that there was an increase in insulin, leptin and cholesterol levels in the Ob group when compared to the C group, but no changes in these parameters or in the lipid and hormonal profiles between the Ob and ObCap groups. No differences were observed in heart mass, tibia length and their respective ratio. The cardiac parameters of isolated cardiomyocytes showed no changes in myocardial contractility; treatment with capsinoids did not lead to an improvement in contractile parameters. In conclusion, treatment with capsinoids, as a non-pharmacological strategy, did not positively modulate myocardial contractility in obesity