Caracterização química de extratos e óleos essenciais de aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi) e avaliação das atividades anti-Helicobacter pylori e citotóxica contra linhagem celular de adenocarcinoma gástrico

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Gomes, Rodrigo Borges de Araujo
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Doutorado em Química; Centro de Ciências Exatas; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química
• Palavras-chave em Português: Schinus terebinthifolia; Compostos fenólicos; Óleos essenciais; Citotoxicidade; Atividade antimicrobiana; Química
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/12262

Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi) is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of some diseases and has several biological activities described in the literature. In this work, the chemical composition of essential oils and hydroethanolic extracts of leaves, fruits, bark and, residues from the pink pepper processing industry was carried out. The evaluation of anti-Helicobacter pylori and antiproliferative activities against gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS) was also performed. The essential oils samples were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the extracts by ESI (-) FT-ICR MS (Electrospray Ionization Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry). The main components of the essential oils were the monoterpenes 3-carene, α-phelandrene, p-cymene, αpinene and limonene. The essential oil of leaves showed the highest content of sesquiterpenes, mainly caryophyllene and its oxide. All essential oils showed antimicrobial (MIC = 256 - 512 µg/mL) and antiproliferative activity with IC50 ranging from 68.64 to 109.50 µg/mL. In the extracts, flavonoids, gallotannins and triterpene acids were identified, mainly masticadienoic acid and schinol. The antiproliferative extracts were from leaves (IC50 = 42.41 ± 0.76 µg/mL), agroindustry residue (IC50 = 103.70 ± 0.67 µg/mL) and bark (IC50 = 143.40 ± 0.71 µg/ml). In these samples, tetra, penta and hexagalloylglucose were identified. They can be related to the observed cytotoxic effect. The extracts also showed anti-H. pylori activity with MIC between 256 and 1024 µg/mL and MBC between 512 and 1024 µg/mL. The extract from leaves was the most active. It was fractionated and the fractions subjected to biological assays. The ethyl acetate fraction was more active against AGS (IC50 = 21.43 µg/mL) and the aqueous fraction showed the highest activity against H. pylory (MIC = 128 µg/mL). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to differenciate leaf extracts at different stages of development from infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data. The PCA model applied to mass spectrometry data proved to be very efficient to discriminate groups of leaves at different stages of development, in addition to indicating a different tendency in the production of secondary metabolites by different genotypes of Schinus terebinthifolia. Methyl digallate, quinic acid hexoside, digallic acid and methyl gallate were the substances that most contributed to the differentiation of leaf stages. Infrared spectroscopy data were also efficient in separating groups related to developmental stages, mainly young leaves. It was also possible to discriminate one of the genotypes by the two techniques. The results of this work contribute to the knowledge about aroeira, exploring the possibility of its use, as well as the residues of the pink pepper processing industry, for the extraction of substances with biological potential. In addition, knowledge of the distribution of its metabolites guides the best stage of leaf development to prepare potentially active extracts.