Caracterização farmacognóstica e atividade antimicrobiana da folha e casca do caule da Myrcia rostrata DC

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Alcântara, Guizelle Aparecida de
• Orientador(a): Paula, José Realino de
• Banca de defesa: Verde, Giuliana Muniz Vila , Paula, Joelma Abadia Marciano de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (FF)
• Departamento: Faculdade Farmácia - FF (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Controle de qualidade; Atividade antimicrobiana; Myrtaceae; Folha miúda
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Quality control; Antimicrobial activity; Myrtaceae
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::FARMACIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/3012

The family Myrtaceae in Brazil is one of the most important families, comprising about 23 genera and 130 species. The specie Myrcia rostrata DC. popularly known as "folha miúda" or "guamirim chorão" is commonly found in South American forests and in some units that are part of the Federation Cerrado, as in Goias, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso and other states. The aim of this study was to establish parameters pharmacognostic for quality control of M. rostrata and analyze the antimicrobial activity of the leaves and stem bark of this species. For this, the macroscopic description and implementation of the sections for microscopic analysis, the plant material was used fresh. As for the post microscopy, determination of volatile substances, total ash and acid insoluble, research and quantification of constituent phytochemicals, obtaining of crude ethanol extract and fractions and essential oil extraction, the shells were dried in an oven with forced circulation at 40 ° C and leaves outdoors. The gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC / MS) was used to characterize the chemistry composition of essential oils, the test of serial broth microdilution for antimicrobial activity and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to obtain the chromatograms of the aqueous fractions (FAqC) and dichloromethane (FDC) from the stem bark of M. rostrata. The leaves of this species are simple menbranacea consistency, with shiny dark green on the adaxial surface dark green and opaque in the abaxial. Microscopically hypostomaticare present numerous unicellular trichomes have secretory cavities and idioblasts with prismatic crystals. The shells are curved stem and appearance of the outer surface is characterized as thick, fissured and striatum of which have dark-brown color. When examined microscopically is possible to visualize the periderm, sclereids and crystal series. Were detect in the phytochemistry essential oil, tannins, flavonoids and terpenes both the leaves and the bark of the stem. The total phenols content, tannins that precipitate proteins, hydrolysable tannins and flavonoids in the leaves were 7,53% ± 0,14, 4,65% ± 0, 65,39% ± 1,70 and 2,83% ± 0, for the stem bark were 10,06% ± 0,06, 9,60% ± 0,60, 29,53% ± 0,52 and 0,38% ± 0,009. In the analysis of essential oils from six constituencies identified spathulenol (51.39%) and globulol (6.88%) were the major components in the shell, together with the -Caryophyllene these compounds also predominated in the leaves, which were identified 32 constituents. Therefore, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes predominated in the essential oils from leaves and bark of M. rostrata. In the analysis of the antimicrobial activity of essential oil extracted from leaves of M. rostrata showed moderate antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 mg / mL for Gram (-) Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 and for all Gram (+) tested, the crude extract of leaves inhibited fungi with MIC 31.25 mg / mL for the species Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida parapsilosis 11-a, 02 Candida albicans and Cryptococcus gattii L1, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 28957 and Cryptococcus neoformans L2 CIM was 15.62 mg / mL. Fractions of the leaves and stem bark tested showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration was FAqC against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 28957 (7.81 mg / mL) and Cryptococcus gattii L1 (15.62 mg / mL) and the FDC against Gram (-) Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13 048 (23.43 mg / mL) and against Gram (+) Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (93.75 mg / mL).The results contribute to the identification of the species M. rostrata and demonstrate its potential for treating diseases caused by micro-organisms.