Germinação, fenologia e estimativa do custo de produção da pitaia [Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose]

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Marques, Virna Braga
• Orientador(a): Ramos, José Darlan
• Banca de defesa: Alvarenga, Ângelo Alberico, Rufini, José Carlos Moraes, Bastos, Débora Costa, Cruz, Maria do Céu Monteiro da
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Lavras
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia/Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Departamento de Agricultura
• País: BRASIL
• Palavras-chave em Português: Pitahaya; Cactaceae; Fases fenológicas; Rentabilidade; Produtividade; Bud; Reproductive stages; Profitability
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Ciências Agrárias
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufla.br/handle/1/4145

The germination was approached same way as the phenology and an economic study on the Dragon Fruit culture based on observed data from March 2007 till July 2010. The work was divided into: 1. Germination preliminary for descriptive evaluation, 2. Light effect on germination in CRD, with light and dark treatments in a split time portion with eight stages, 3. effect of substrates on germination in RBD, with four treatments (coffee husks, manure, sand and earth), 4. Field experiment with plants propagated by cuttings in RBD with eight treatments (control treatment; granular marine bioclastic; cattle manure; chicken manure; cattle manure + chicken manure; cattle manure + granular marine bioclastic; chicken manure + granular marine bioclastic and cattle manure + chicken manure + granular marine bioclastic). The follow were evaluated: number of thorns per areola, shaping the cladodes, number of ribs, time to reach the reproductive stage, days to germination, light interference on germination, number of cladodes and root length, length and number of cladodes main stem and side structure and arrangement of floral parts, details of androecium and gynoecium, the flowers´s opening time, the anthesis´ time, evolution´ time of floral bud till fruit ripening, and early fruit formation, presence of floral remains, fruit color, the crop production cost in the first three years after planting, and estimate the crop´s profitability until the stabilization of production. Data were subjected to variance analysis and means compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Correlation coefficients between flowering and fruiting were calculated in correlation with climate parameters to identify connections between phenological variables and weather. Germination occurred 3-60 days after imbibition; seed germination percentage was 66% under light presence. Greater root length was find in coffee husk. The cladodes showed variable ribs amount (3-6). It can be concluded that phenological observations The following conclusions can be made from the phenological observations: after four years of observations was not notice the reproductive period beginning on those plants who were propagated by seeds, the application of cattle manure + chicken manure + granular marine bioclastic was the treatment with the largest growth of side cladodes and in plants propagated by vegetative cuttings was found a grew between the annual reproductive cycles. Temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were the factors with the highest correlations with flowering and fruiting. The total cost in three years composted cattle manure and chicken manure was R$ 49105.41 ha-1, with R$ 63120.00 ha-1 of income and an R$ 14014.59 ha-1 profit in the period 2007/2010. It was estimated that in the fifth year the profit is R$ 281,426.41 ha-1. Phenological observations related to biometrical parameters analysis´ and their connections with the climatic conditions of Lavras are important for gathering information that will provide subsidies to producers interested in initiating the activity in the region.