Monitoramento biológico e físico-químico de reatores anaeróbios (RAC - UASB) no tratamento de efluentes líquidos da suinocultura

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Moterani, Fabrício
• Orientador(a): Campos, Cláudio Milton Montenegro
• Banca de defesa: Schwan, Rosane Freitas, Labory, Cláudia Regina Gontijo, Fia, Ronaldo
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: DEG - Programa de Pós-graduação
• País: BRASIL
• Palavras-chave em Português: Microbiologia; Águas residuárias; Microscopia eletrônica de varredura; Reator anaeróbio compartimentado; Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ_NÃO_INFORMADO
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufla.br/handle/1/3300

The aim of this research was to observe biologically a pilot system applied in order to treat swine liquid effluent. The system was installed in the Zootechnical Department of the Federal University of Lavras. The pilot system treatment was composed for several units working in series, as sand retention box (SRB), static sieve (SS), acidification and equalization tank (AET), anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) and final sedimentation tank (FST). On behalf of monitoring the system, composed samples from six points had been collected from the liquid effluent and carried through physical-chemical and for microbiological and microscopical analyses. Also the anaerobic sludge of the reactors was analyzed in order to quantify and determine its quality. This study emphasized the microbiological analyses, manly concerning the secondary treatment units (ABR and UASB). The period of research was initiated in August of 2008 and finished in December of the same year, around 120 days. The physical-chemical analyses carried through had been temperature, pH, alkalinity, total acidity, total, fixed and volatile solids, suspended, dissolved and settled solids, COD (total and filtered), BOD5 (total and filtered), total phosphorus, TNK, electric conductivity and oil & grease. The average temperature of the liquid effluent was about 21.7ºC, and the average hydraulic retention times (HRT) of the anaerobic reactors were 19h and 12h for ABR and UASB, respectively. The averages of biological organic loads applied in the respective units were 0.11 and 2.82 kgCODtotal.kgTVS.d-1, in the RAC and UASB, respectively. The treatment system presented efficiency of 86.8% and 87.8% for the removal of the total and filtered DBO5, respectively, and 75.3% and 76.3% for the removal of the total and filtered DQO, respectively. For the microbiological and microscopically analyses of the sludge samples had been collected from each reactor port and cultivated through BDA, and EMB methodologies, and then exposed for white light, epifluorescence and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). It was shown through these analyses that, these units of treatment had great diversity, quantity and quality of microorganisms, responsible for the stabilization of the organic substances and transforming it into biogas, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and biofertilizers.