Estrutura de comunidade de culicídeos (Diptera, Nematocera) em fragmentos de mata no município de São José de Ribamar, Maranhão, Brasil.

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: COSTA, Aldiléia Lima
• Orientador(a): REBÊLO, José Manuel Macário
• Banca de defesa: REBÊLO, José Manuel Macário , PINHEIRO, Valéria Cristina Soares , ALBUQUERQUE, Patrícia Maia
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Maranhão
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIODIVERSIDADE CONSERVAÇÃO/CCBS
• Departamento: DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA/CCBS
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Mosquito; Diversidade; Estratificação vertical; Mata Ombrófila
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Mosquitoes; Diversity; Vertical Stratification; Ombrophylous forest
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Ecologia Aplicada.
• Link de acesso: https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/2194

Culicids are insects that arouse great attention from specialists, both in epidemiologic aspects as ecological, whereas due its hematophagous habit made by adults females, behave as potential vectors of various pathogens. When the ecological aspect is considered, these mosquitoes act as bioindicator of environmental change. Worldwide, there are about 40 genus and 3490 species of Culicidae formally described, this number increase about 5% for decade. In Brazil there are about 450 recognized species and to Maranhão, although studies are scarce, actually are recognized to State, 14 genus and 64 species. Until this, there is no study of vertical stratification of mosquitoes realized in Maranhão. Given the above, the study aimed to know the Culicidae fauna at the ground level and vertical stratification in the forest fragments of Maranhão’s Island, since such results can be used to estimate the change rate of vegetation cover, as well as, aspects of the ecology and epidemiology of these insects. This study resulted in two articles: the first aimed to know the richness, abundance and monthly frequency of species of culicids in primary forest in São José de Ribamar city, Maranhão. Mosquitoes were collected with a Shannon’s trap, being supported by manual Castro type collector. In the period from 18:00 pm to 22:00 pm, once a month, for twelve months. Totally, 1108 mosquitoes were captured and distributed in 35 species. The most abundant were Coquillettidia arribalzagae (20,40%), Coquillettidia lynch (11,73%) e Coquillettidia sp. (11,01%), while Ochlerotatus argyrothorax, Ae. mediovittatus, Anopheles sp, Ps. cyanescens e Ps. Lineata occurred in low density (0,18%). In the rainy season, was observed the highest species richness (33 species) and abundance (77.3%). This study showed the existence of a culicids diverse fauna, with species that alternate throughout the year, predominantly during the rainy season. The second article analyzed the vertical distribution of culicids present in forest fragments of Sítio Aguahy, on the canopy and near the ground strata. Mosquitoes were collected in five forest fragments. Two CDC traps of HP model was installed in each fragment, the first being 1.5 m above ground level and the second at 10 m. Totally, 2118 mosquitoes was collected, distributed in 41 species. A higher richness and abundance was found near the soil (S = 39, 73.7%) compared with the canopy (S = 19, 26.3%). The species Culex (Culex) bidens Dyar 1922 and Culex sp. were found exclusively in traps installed in the canopy, other was collected in both strata, near the soil and in canopy. There was greater similarity between the traps of the same stratum than the fragment. The culicids were more abundant in the rainy season (60,43%). Eight species were considered constant, 29 accessories and other incidental. In summary, this study showed the existence of a diverse fauna of culicids, with the ability to explore different environments within the same forest, throughout the year and the seasons.