Perfil da atleta de futebol de elite no Brasil: características antropométricas, físicas e respostas fisiológicas em treinamentos e competições

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Guilherme Passos Ramos
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Futebol feminino; Jogos oficiais; Testes físicos; Esportes Aspectos fisiológicos; Futebol para mulheres
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/EEFF-BBBGP7

The main objective of this study was to investigate aspects related to physical performance face official match physical demands and all long the training period of different belonging to the Brazilian soccer team: Under20 (U20), Under17 (U17) and Under15 (U15) categories. Inaddition, the influence of training load in cyclical hormone regulation of female athletes was evaluated. It was observed in the study-1 that the athletes of the senior category presented higher performance in all the evaluated physical tests (Squat jump - SJ, countermovementjump - CMJ, 20 meters sprint and aerobic capacity - Yo-Yo IR1), compared to U15, U17 and U20 categories (ES=0,67-3.06). In addition, the U20 category performed better in the Yo-Yo IR1 test and in jumps when compared to the younger categories (ES=0.81-3.06). Moreover,higher values were observed in the Yo-Yo IR1 for the selected athletes compared to the nonselected ones (ES=0.85-1.59), in all categories. There was a tendency for an increase in the observed values with the increase of the age of each category in the total distance traveled(ES=0.82 to 2.04), high intensity actions (high intensity running - HIR and sprints) (ES =0.73-2.74) and total number of accelerations and decelerations (ES=0.71-5.36) during official matches (study-2). For all player positions, the senior athletes presented higher values of totaldistance, accelerations and decelerations than the U20 (ES=0.59-4.04). Seniors midfielders and defenders showed greater distance in HIR and sprint than U20 (ES=0,75-1,14). Regardless of the tactical position, the senior players showed higher values in all measured variables than the U17 athletes (ES=0.88-5.57). Throughout the games of the U20 category(study-3) it was observed that the full-backs and forwards covered greater total distance, distance in HIR and sprint compared to the defenders (ES=0.97-3,10). In the last 15 min of the match a reduction in performance was observed when compared to the initial minutes andthe accomplishment of a high physical performance in the first time (total distance, sprint and accelerations) resulted in approximately 19% decrement in the second time. Finally, for the U20 athletes, no differences among the pre-competitive training periods were observed forany of the four hormones evaluated (cortisol, testosterone, estradiol and progesterone) (study-4). The results of this study present parameters of physical evaluations for female soccer players in different categories and demonstrate that performance on Yo-Yo IR1 test seem to be important in the detection of athletes selected for international women's soccercompetitions. In addition, the progressive increase in the physical performance of the game according to the category evaluated suggests that the training should follow a progressive training load according to the category. Finally, changes in pre-competitive training load didnot alter the cycle of some hormones of female soccer players. Overall, the results of this study provide relevant information to women's soccer, especially in Brazil, and may be useful for coaches in designing training programs for top-level soccer players