Prospecção e caracterização de poxvírus na Amazônia brasileira

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Karolina Lopes Dias
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
• Palavras-chave em Português: Microbiologia; Poxviridae; Orthopoxvirus; Parapoxvirus; Suipoxvirus; Vaccina vírus
• Link de acesso: https://hdl.handle.net/1843/83509

The emergence of infectious diseases is one of the most serious threats to global health, causing clinical, social and economic impacts and, in this context, viruses represent a major concern as they are the second largest source of emerging and re-emerging diseases on the planet. Among the emerging viruses, we can highlight the poxviruses, which are responsible for viruses of interest and impact in the context of public and animal health. The Orthopoxvirus (OPXV), Parapoxvirus (PPV) and Suipoxvirus (SPV) genera are relevant to human and veterinary health and are responsible for causing exanthematous and vesicular pustular diseases, characterized by ulcerative lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, which can affect dairy cattle, small ruminants and pigs, respectively. Therefore, this study aimed to prospect and characterize poxviruses in biological samples of animals from the Brazilian Amazon. To this end, a total of 309 biological samples from cattle, sheep, capybaras, buffalo, horses and pigs from the state of Pará, collected in 2021 and 2022, were subjected to molecular investigation for the detection of OPXV, PPV and SPV by qPCR and the serum samples were subjected to investigation for the presence of neutralizing antibodies anti-OPXV using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). In addition, the positive samples were subjected to viral isolation and DNA sequencing. Overall, 21 samples were positive for the poxviruses investigated in this study, corresponding to a percentage of 6.8% (21/309) positivity. For PPV, 14 samples were positive in qPCR, including buffalo, goat and sheep samples, for OPXV five bovine samples were positive in qPCR and one buffalo sample was positive in PRNT, finally, one pig sample was positive for SPV in qPCR. Furthermore, in this study, it was possible to isolate a vaccinia virus and a swinepox virus from scab samples from one bovine and one porcine animal, respectively. In addition, it was possible to confirm the positive results of the aforementioned scabs by whole genome sequencing.