Ecologia populacional, diversidade genética e modelagem de nicho ecológico da Spondias tuberosa Arruda

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Sales, Raiane Pereira de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Brasil; UFRN; PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS FLORESTAIS
• Palavras-chave em Português: Umbu; Extrativismo; Caatinga; Adequação ambiental; Marcador molecular.; Extractivism; Environmental suitability; Molecular marker
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/30625

The species Spondias tuberosa(Anacardiaceae) is a tree native to Brazil, popularly known as umbu, with outstanding relevance in plant extraction. In the sum of the last three years, the amount produced in the vegetal extraction of fruits and the value of production were 23,777 tons and R$ 27 million, respectively.The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial pattern, the biometry of the fruits, allometric variations and the intrapopulational genetic diversity, in addition to modeling areas of environmental suitability for S. tuberosain climate change scenarios. The analysis of the genetic diversity of adult reproductive individuals was carried out using molecular markers of Simple Sequence Inter Repetitions (ISSR). The maximum entropy algorithm (Maxent) was used in niche modeling for the present and future period, with two scenarios and four models of general atmosphere circulation being tested. The spatial pattern was aggregated, with a higher density of neighbors (NDF) within a radius of up to 55 m. The correlations between diameter at breast height, total height and canopy area were positive and significant (P <0.0001). The fruits had a length of 20.05 mm to 39.02 mm and a diameter between 17.73 mm and 35.48 mm, andthe fresh mass with11 g to 26.47 g. The fresh weight of fruits and diaspores showed the highest values of the variation coefficient. The greatest correlation was between fresh fruit mass and pulp yield (rs= 0.99). Nei's genetic diversity index was 0.37 (± 0.07) and Shannon's index was 0.55 (± 0.11). The Bayesian analysis defined four distinct genetic groups (K= 4).In extractivism, Bahia obtained the highest production and commercialization of fruits in the years 1994 to 2018.The bioclimatic variable with the highest percentage of contribution to the suitability of S. tuberosawas annual precipitation (75.3%). It is concluded that the morphological and genetic characterization contributes to the conservation of S. tuberosa, so that it provides strategies such as the selection of genotypes for both commercial activities, to encourage extraction and the creation of germplasm banks, given their socio-economic importance. It was found that the species had an increase in the areas of suitability in the Caatinga domain in the optimistic scenario, especially in Rio Grande do Norte, northern Bahia and northern Minas Gerais. It is suggested that these areas have a greater focus on management plans and conservation of the species