Armazenamento de sementes de soja em diferentes embalagens e atmosferas
Ano de defesa: | 2020 |
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Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | por |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Brasil Engenharia Agrícola UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola Centro de Ciências Rurais |
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Não Informado pela instituição
|
Departamento: |
Não Informado pela instituição
|
País: |
Não Informado pela instituição
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Link de acesso: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21326 |
Resumo: | The physiological quality of seeds has a direct influence on agricultural production; through the potential of vigorous plants production establishes a highly productive system with uniformity. Storage is one of the most important postharvest processes, especially in tropical regions such as Brazil; high temperatures negatively influence seed quality. Water content is one of the decisive factors in maintaining storage potential at safe levels, essential to prevent seed deterioration during storage. Seeds stored without moisture control in permeable packaging allow moisture exchange with the environment causing a hygroscopic imbalance of seeds during storage, causing further deterioration and reduced physiological quality. Today, there are several seeds of soybean cultivars available to the market, which adapt to different soils and climatic conditions, resulting in productivity gains, but qualitative results have not been identified in the postharvest aspects, especially in the storage stage. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the seed quality of RR and RR2 PRO soybean cultivars stored in natural atmosphere with raffia packaging, in natural atmosphere with laminated packaging, modified atmosphere (-14 PSI) with polyethylene packaging, in refrigerated atmosphere (1 to 3 °C) with raffia packaging, refrigerated (1 to 3 °C) with laminated packaging, modified atmosphere (-14 PSI) and refrigerated (1 to 3 °C) with polyethylene packaging, over six months of storage. The experiment was characterized by a completely randomized design with three replications for each treatment, considering storage conditions, storage time and cultivars as sources of variation. Seeds were sampled from the different treatments every two months: at times zero, two, four and six months of storage for water content, bulk density, one thousand seeds weight, electrical conductivity and germination. The results were analyzed by the computer program Sisvar, version 4.0 to 5% probability, by the Tukey mean test. Subsequently, a polynomial regression analysis and a multivariate analysis of principal components and grouping with the aid of the R programming language were performed. In these analyzes, variables were standardized to prevent the measurement unit from affecting the results. For clustering, the average Euclidean distance and the helthmap clustering method were used. In the obtained results it was verified that the ambient temperature had amplitudes of 7.9 to 30.7 °C and the relative humidity of 33 to 95%, which may have influenced the storage of the stored soybean seeds through the increase or decrease. Gaseous exchange of atmospheric air and intergranular air due to vapor pressure differences, since the packages used are not impermeable. Under natural storage conditions, ambient and intergranular air temperatures ranged from 16.71 to 24.31 °C, while ambient and intergranular air relative humidity ranged from 74.30 to 84%. However, under refrigerated storage conditions the ambient and intergranular air temperature remained constant at 3 °C and the relative humidity at 60%. The vapor pressure ratios of the storage environments and intergranular air showed that the natural environment in raffia packaging (ANER) had the highest values (1.58 kPa), indicating that the intergranular vapor pressures were low in relation to the environment, in contrast to refrigerated environment in raffia packaging (ARER). (0.89 kPa), when the pressure ratios were lower, indicating that the intergranular air vapor pressure was high decreasing the difference from ambient vapor pressures. The seeds of cultivar RR remained with better physiological quality, while the seeds of cultivar RR2 remained with higher apparent specific mass during storage. The raffia and polyethylene packaging under the natural storage conditions, with refrigerated and modified atmosphere did not preserve the seed quality over the storage time. The storage conditions in natural atmosphere in laminated packaging (ANEL) and refrigerated atmosphere in laminated packaging (AREL) reduced the environmental effects of temperature and relative humidity, obtaining better results of physical and physiological seed quality. The storage time influenced the physical and physiological quality reduction of the seeds, except for AREL and ANEL that kept the qualities close to the initial conditions, during the six months of storage. It was concluded that the storage of soybean seeds in laminated packages with air valves presents sufficient gas and water vapor exchange between the seeds and the storage medium, eliminating the costly use of artificial refrigeration, which was equivalent in quality, according to the results obtained. Therefore, a new alternative for soybean seed storage is proposed, using air bag laminated big bags to minimize the qualitative losses of soybean seeds. |
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Armazenamento de sementes de soja em diferentes embalagens e atmosferasStorage of soybean seeds in different packaging and atmospheresEmbalagemArmazenamentoRefrigeraçãoAtmosfera modificadaQualidade fisiológicaAmbiente naturalPós-colheitaPackagingStorageRefrigerationModified atmospherePhysiological qualityNatural environmentPost-harvestCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLAThe physiological quality of seeds has a direct influence on agricultural production; through the potential of vigorous plants production establishes a highly productive system with uniformity. Storage is one of the most important postharvest processes, especially in tropical regions such as Brazil; high temperatures negatively influence seed quality. Water content is one of the decisive factors in maintaining storage potential at safe levels, essential to prevent seed deterioration during storage. Seeds stored without moisture control in permeable packaging allow moisture exchange with the environment causing a hygroscopic imbalance of seeds during storage, causing further deterioration and reduced physiological quality. Today, there are several seeds of soybean cultivars available to the market, which adapt to different soils and climatic conditions, resulting in productivity gains, but qualitative results have not been identified in the postharvest aspects, especially in the storage stage. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the seed quality of RR and RR2 PRO soybean cultivars stored in natural atmosphere with raffia packaging, in natural atmosphere with laminated packaging, modified atmosphere (-14 PSI) with polyethylene packaging, in refrigerated atmosphere (1 to 3 °C) with raffia packaging, refrigerated (1 to 3 °C) with laminated packaging, modified atmosphere (-14 PSI) and refrigerated (1 to 3 °C) with polyethylene packaging, over six months of storage. The experiment was characterized by a completely randomized design with three replications for each treatment, considering storage conditions, storage time and cultivars as sources of variation. Seeds were sampled from the different treatments every two months: at times zero, two, four and six months of storage for water content, bulk density, one thousand seeds weight, electrical conductivity and germination. The results were analyzed by the computer program Sisvar, version 4.0 to 5% probability, by the Tukey mean test. Subsequently, a polynomial regression analysis and a multivariate analysis of principal components and grouping with the aid of the R programming language were performed. In these analyzes, variables were standardized to prevent the measurement unit from affecting the results. For clustering, the average Euclidean distance and the helthmap clustering method were used. In the obtained results it was verified that the ambient temperature had amplitudes of 7.9 to 30.7 °C and the relative humidity of 33 to 95%, which may have influenced the storage of the stored soybean seeds through the increase or decrease. Gaseous exchange of atmospheric air and intergranular air due to vapor pressure differences, since the packages used are not impermeable. Under natural storage conditions, ambient and intergranular air temperatures ranged from 16.71 to 24.31 °C, while ambient and intergranular air relative humidity ranged from 74.30 to 84%. However, under refrigerated storage conditions the ambient and intergranular air temperature remained constant at 3 °C and the relative humidity at 60%. The vapor pressure ratios of the storage environments and intergranular air showed that the natural environment in raffia packaging (ANER) had the highest values (1.58 kPa), indicating that the intergranular vapor pressures were low in relation to the environment, in contrast to refrigerated environment in raffia packaging (ARER). (0.89 kPa), when the pressure ratios were lower, indicating that the intergranular air vapor pressure was high decreasing the difference from ambient vapor pressures. The seeds of cultivar RR remained with better physiological quality, while the seeds of cultivar RR2 remained with higher apparent specific mass during storage. The raffia and polyethylene packaging under the natural storage conditions, with refrigerated and modified atmosphere did not preserve the seed quality over the storage time. The storage conditions in natural atmosphere in laminated packaging (ANEL) and refrigerated atmosphere in laminated packaging (AREL) reduced the environmental effects of temperature and relative humidity, obtaining better results of physical and physiological seed quality. The storage time influenced the physical and physiological quality reduction of the seeds, except for AREL and ANEL that kept the qualities close to the initial conditions, during the six months of storage. It was concluded that the storage of soybean seeds in laminated packages with air valves presents sufficient gas and water vapor exchange between the seeds and the storage medium, eliminating the costly use of artificial refrigeration, which was equivalent in quality, according to the results obtained. Therefore, a new alternative for soybean seed storage is proposed, using air bag laminated big bags to minimize the qualitative losses of soybean seeds.A qualidade fisiológica das sementes tem influência direta na produção agrícola, através do potencial de produção de plantas vigorosas se estabelece um sistema altamente produtivo, com uniformidade. O armazenamento é um dos processos mais importantes na pós-colheita de sementes, especialmente em regiões de clima tropical como o Brasil, as altas temperaturas exercem influência negativa na qualidade das sementes. O teor de água é um dos fatores decisivos para a manutenção do potencial de armazenamento a níveis seguros, essencial para evitar a deterioração das sementes durante o armazenamento. As sementes armazenadas sem controle de umidade, em embalagens permeáveis permitem trocas de umidade com o ambiente ocasionando um desequilíbrio higroscópico das sementes durante o armazenamento, provocando maior deterioração e redução da qualidade fisiológica. Hoje, têm-se diversas sementes de cultivares de soja disponibilizadas ao mercado, que se adaptam a diferentes solos e condições climáticas, resultando ganhos em produtividade, mas que ainda não foram identificados resultados qualitativos nos aspectos de pós-colheita, principalmente na etapa de armazenagem. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de sementes de cultivares de soja RR e RR2 PRO armazenados em atmosfera natural com embalagem de ráfia, em atmosfera natural com embalagem laminada, atmosfera modificada (-14 PSI) com embalagem de polietileno, em atmosfera refrigerada (1 a 3 °C) com embalagem de ráfia, em atmosfera refrigerada (1 a 3 °C) com embalagem laminada, em atmosfera modificada (-14 PSI) e refrigerada (1 a 3 °C) com embalagem de polietileno, ao longo de seis meses de armazenamento. O experimento caracterizou-se por um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições para cada tratamento, considerando-se as condições de armazenamento, o tempo de armazenamento e as cultivares como fontes de variação. Foram realizadas amostragens das sementes dos diferentes tratamentos a cada dois meses: nos tempos zero, dois, quatro e seis meses de armazenamento para realização dos testes de teor de água, massa específica aparente, peso de mil sementes, condutividade elétrica e germinação. Os resultados foram analisados pelo programa computacional Sisvar, versão 4.0 à 5% de probabilidade, pelo teste de média Tukey. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma análise de regressão polinomial e uma análise multivariada de componentes principais e agrupamento com auxílio da linguagem de programação R. Nessas análises, foi realizada padronização das variáveis para evitar que a unidade de mensuração afetasse os resultados. Para o agrupamento, foi utilizada a distância Euclidiana média e o método de agrupamento helthmap. Nos resultados obtidos verificou-se que a temperatura ambiente teve amplitudes de 7,9 a 30,7 °C e a umidade relativa do ar de 33 a 95%, a qual pode ter influenciado no armazenamento das sementes de soja armazenadas através do aumento ou diminuição de trocas gasosas do ar atmosférico e o ar intergranular pelas diferenças de pressão de vapor, uma vez que as embalagens utilizadas não possuem impermeabilidade. Na condição de armazenamento em ambiente natural, as temperaturas do ar ambiente e intergranular variaram entre 16,71 a 24,31 °C, enquanto que, as umidades relativas do ar ambiente e intergranular variaram entre 74,30 a 84%. Entretanto, na condição de armazenamento em ambiente refrigerado a temperatura do ar ambiente e intergranular permaneceu constante a 3 °C e a umidade relativa do ar a 60%. As razões das pressões de vapor dos ambientes de armazenamento e do ar intergranular mostraram que o ambiente natural em embalagem de ráfia (ANER), teve os maiores valores (1,58 kPa), indicando que as pressões de vapor intergranulares foram baixas em relação ao ambiente, ao contrário foi observado para o ambiente refrigerado em embalagem de ráfia (ARER) (0,89 kPa), quando as razões de pressão foram mais baixas, indicando que a pressão de vapor do ar intergranular foi elevada diminuindo a diferença em relação às pressões de vapor do ambiente. As sementes da cultivar RR conservou-se com melhor qualidade fisiológica, enquanto que, as sementes da cultivar RR2 mantiveram-se com maior massa específica aparente durante o armazenamento. As embalagens de ráfia e polietileno nas condições naturais de armazenamento, com atmosfera refrigerada e modificada não conservaram a qualidade das sementes ao longo do tempo de armazenamento. Nas condições de armazenamento em atmosfera natural em embalagem laminada (ANEL) e atmosfera refrigerada em embalagem laminada (AREL) reduziram os efeitos ambientais de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, obtendo melhores resultados de qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes. O tempo de armazenamento influenciou na redução da qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes, com exceção do ambiente refrigerado em embalagem laminada (AREL) e ambiente natural em embalagem laminada (ANEL) que mantiveram as qualidades próximas as condições iniciais, ao longo dos seis meses de armazenamento. Concluiu-se que os armazenamentos de sementes de soja em embalagens laminadas com válvulas de ar apresentam suficientes trocas gasosas de vapor de água e calor entre as sementes e o meio de armazenamento, dispensando o uso oneroso da refrigeração artificial, a qual se equiparou em qualidade, conforme os resultados obtidos. Desta forma, propõe-se uma nova alternativa para o armazenamento de sementes de soja, utilizando big bags laminados com válvulas de ar para minimizar as perdas qualitativas de sementes de soja.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilEngenharia AgrícolaUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia AgrícolaCentro de Ciências RuraisCoradi, Paulo Carterihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5926614370728576Zabot, Giovani LeoneMeneghetti, Volnei LuizPadia, Claudir Lari2021-07-07T11:55:34Z2021-07-07T11:55:34Z2020-02-05info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21326porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2021-07-08T06:01:22Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/21326Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2021-07-08T06:01:22Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Armazenamento de sementes de soja em diferentes embalagens e atmosferas Storage of soybean seeds in different packaging and atmospheres |
title |
Armazenamento de sementes de soja em diferentes embalagens e atmosferas |
spellingShingle |
Armazenamento de sementes de soja em diferentes embalagens e atmosferas Padia, Claudir Lari Embalagem Armazenamento Refrigeração Atmosfera modificada Qualidade fisiológica Ambiente natural Pós-colheita Packaging Storage Refrigeration Modified atmosphere Physiological quality Natural environment Post-harvest CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
title_short |
Armazenamento de sementes de soja em diferentes embalagens e atmosferas |
title_full |
Armazenamento de sementes de soja em diferentes embalagens e atmosferas |
title_fullStr |
Armazenamento de sementes de soja em diferentes embalagens e atmosferas |
title_full_unstemmed |
Armazenamento de sementes de soja em diferentes embalagens e atmosferas |
title_sort |
Armazenamento de sementes de soja em diferentes embalagens e atmosferas |
author |
Padia, Claudir Lari |
author_facet |
Padia, Claudir Lari |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Coradi, Paulo Carteri http://lattes.cnpq.br/5926614370728576 Zabot, Giovani Leone Meneghetti, Volnei Luiz |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Padia, Claudir Lari |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Embalagem Armazenamento Refrigeração Atmosfera modificada Qualidade fisiológica Ambiente natural Pós-colheita Packaging Storage Refrigeration Modified atmosphere Physiological quality Natural environment Post-harvest CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
topic |
Embalagem Armazenamento Refrigeração Atmosfera modificada Qualidade fisiológica Ambiente natural Pós-colheita Packaging Storage Refrigeration Modified atmosphere Physiological quality Natural environment Post-harvest CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA |
description |
The physiological quality of seeds has a direct influence on agricultural production; through the potential of vigorous plants production establishes a highly productive system with uniformity. Storage is one of the most important postharvest processes, especially in tropical regions such as Brazil; high temperatures negatively influence seed quality. Water content is one of the decisive factors in maintaining storage potential at safe levels, essential to prevent seed deterioration during storage. Seeds stored without moisture control in permeable packaging allow moisture exchange with the environment causing a hygroscopic imbalance of seeds during storage, causing further deterioration and reduced physiological quality. Today, there are several seeds of soybean cultivars available to the market, which adapt to different soils and climatic conditions, resulting in productivity gains, but qualitative results have not been identified in the postharvest aspects, especially in the storage stage. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the seed quality of RR and RR2 PRO soybean cultivars stored in natural atmosphere with raffia packaging, in natural atmosphere with laminated packaging, modified atmosphere (-14 PSI) with polyethylene packaging, in refrigerated atmosphere (1 to 3 °C) with raffia packaging, refrigerated (1 to 3 °C) with laminated packaging, modified atmosphere (-14 PSI) and refrigerated (1 to 3 °C) with polyethylene packaging, over six months of storage. The experiment was characterized by a completely randomized design with three replications for each treatment, considering storage conditions, storage time and cultivars as sources of variation. Seeds were sampled from the different treatments every two months: at times zero, two, four and six months of storage for water content, bulk density, one thousand seeds weight, electrical conductivity and germination. The results were analyzed by the computer program Sisvar, version 4.0 to 5% probability, by the Tukey mean test. Subsequently, a polynomial regression analysis and a multivariate analysis of principal components and grouping with the aid of the R programming language were performed. In these analyzes, variables were standardized to prevent the measurement unit from affecting the results. For clustering, the average Euclidean distance and the helthmap clustering method were used. In the obtained results it was verified that the ambient temperature had amplitudes of 7.9 to 30.7 °C and the relative humidity of 33 to 95%, which may have influenced the storage of the stored soybean seeds through the increase or decrease. Gaseous exchange of atmospheric air and intergranular air due to vapor pressure differences, since the packages used are not impermeable. Under natural storage conditions, ambient and intergranular air temperatures ranged from 16.71 to 24.31 °C, while ambient and intergranular air relative humidity ranged from 74.30 to 84%. However, under refrigerated storage conditions the ambient and intergranular air temperature remained constant at 3 °C and the relative humidity at 60%. The vapor pressure ratios of the storage environments and intergranular air showed that the natural environment in raffia packaging (ANER) had the highest values (1.58 kPa), indicating that the intergranular vapor pressures were low in relation to the environment, in contrast to refrigerated environment in raffia packaging (ARER). (0.89 kPa), when the pressure ratios were lower, indicating that the intergranular air vapor pressure was high decreasing the difference from ambient vapor pressures. The seeds of cultivar RR remained with better physiological quality, while the seeds of cultivar RR2 remained with higher apparent specific mass during storage. The raffia and polyethylene packaging under the natural storage conditions, with refrigerated and modified atmosphere did not preserve the seed quality over the storage time. The storage conditions in natural atmosphere in laminated packaging (ANEL) and refrigerated atmosphere in laminated packaging (AREL) reduced the environmental effects of temperature and relative humidity, obtaining better results of physical and physiological seed quality. The storage time influenced the physical and physiological quality reduction of the seeds, except for AREL and ANEL that kept the qualities close to the initial conditions, during the six months of storage. It was concluded that the storage of soybean seeds in laminated packages with air valves presents sufficient gas and water vapor exchange between the seeds and the storage medium, eliminating the costly use of artificial refrigeration, which was equivalent in quality, according to the results obtained. Therefore, a new alternative for soybean seed storage is proposed, using air bag laminated big bags to minimize the qualitative losses of soybean seeds. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-02-05 2021-07-07T11:55:34Z 2021-07-07T11:55:34Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21326 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/21326 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Engenharia Agrícola UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola Centro de Ciências Rurais |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Engenharia Agrícola UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola Centro de Ciências Rurais |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
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1805930222590099456 |