Variabilidade genética e filogeografia da espécie ameaçada de extinção Melipona capixaba Moure & Camargo (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

• Ano de defesa: 2009
• Autor(a) principal: Cristiano, Maykon Passos
• Orientador(a): Salomão, Tânia Maria Fernandes
• Banca de defesa: Redondo, Rodrigo Aparecido Fernandes , Tavares, Mara Garcia , Santos, Jorge Abdala Dergam dos
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento
• Departamento: Genética animal; Genética molecular e de microrganismos; Genética quantitativa; Genética vegetal; Me
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Filogeografia; DNA mitocondrial; Variabilidade genética; Melipona capixaba
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Phylogeography; Mitochondrial DNA; Genetic variability; Melipona capixaba
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA::GENETICA ANIMAL
• Link de acesso: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4715

The bee Melipona capixaba commonly known as "uruçu negra", "pé de pau" ou "uruçu capixaba" was first described in 1994 in the county of Domingos Martins in Espírito Santo State. This species is endemic to areas with altitudes of 700 to 1000m in the mountain region of the Espírito Santo, and it is related to species of Amazonian groups. In spite of its recent discovery, M. capixaba is already in the list of endangered species of IBAMA. This is mainly due to the disappearance and fragmentation of its habitat. Despite its ecological importance and the risk of its extinction, few studies on M. capixaba have been performed. Thus, in order to obtain data that can contribute to the understanding of the genetic structure of M. capixaba, we conducted phylogeographic studies and studies of the genetic variability of this species, based on mitochondrial DNA analysis. We analyzed sequences of 850 bp of COI gene of 61 individuals of M. capixaba sampled in the state of Espírito Santo, in areas of occurrence of this bee, 31 haplotypes were identified and were used to estimate rates of nucleotide diversity (π = 0.00719) and haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.9235). The phylogenetic tree obtained by Bayesian inference and the haplotypes network established by the median-joining method showed the formation of four groups. However, there was no evidence of geographic structure, since some individuals geographically dispersed clustered in a single clade. This geographic distribution pattern found in the analyzed population of M. capixaba may arise from the practice of translocation of colonies or exchanging of disks creates, which is relatively common in the region. The possible recent colonization of M. capixaba in the highlands region of Espírito Santo may be also contributing to the geographic distribution pattern observed.