Monitoramento nutricional da dieta de pequenos ruminantes utilizando espectroscopia da reflectância do infravermelho próximo (NIRS) no sertão de Pernambuco

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: MACIEL, Michel do Vale
• Orientador(a): BATISTA, Ângela Maria Vieira
• Banca de defesa: GUIM, Adriana, MEDEIROS, Ariosvaldo Nunes de, SILVA, Maria Josilaine Matos dos Santos, CARVALHO, Francisco Fernando Ramos de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• dARK ID: ark:/57462/001300000kz63
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia
• Departamento: Departamento de Zootecnia
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Nutrição animal; Caprino; Ovino; Valor nutritivo; Monitoramento nutricional
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9779

The objective was to monitor the nutritional value of small ruminant diet using spectroscopic reflectance near-infrared (NIRS) and characterize grazing Caatinga. The survey was conducted from january to december 2014, at the Estação Experimental in Sertânia, belonging to Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco –IPA, in the municipality of Sertânia, Pernambuco (PE), in an area of 37 hectares of Caatinga. In the experimental area, seven parallel transects strokes. They were marked in each transect evaluation points every 20 meters, totaling 136 points of evaluation of botanical composition, availability of strata and taking samples for chemical composition. To determine the nutritional value of the diet, it was used five sheep and six goats, all with permanent fistula in the rumen and average weight of 32,35 + 2,37 and 32,68 + 1,14 kg, respectively. The animals were loose in the pasture 7:00 hours and 17:00 hours collected, received mineral salt and water ad libitum for five consecutive days each month of collection. The total production of feces was obitida by total collection utilizandos bags adapted to animals. The dry matter intake was obtained by the inverse calculation of digestibility: Consumption (kg DM / day) = fecal production / (1-digestibility). The CMS was calculated from other inputs MO, MM, FDN and FDA by multiplying the amount of dry matter consumed by the percentage of each nutrient extrusa. To obtain spectra of the samples was used FOSS 5000 Nirsystem II machine using ISIScan® software. Foss 5000, with reading in a range from 1100 to 2500 nm in the near infrared region, with 2 nm spectral range. Were scanned in all fecal samples 660, 360 with respect faeces of 300 goats and ovine species for obtaining the spectra. They were calibrated prediction equations for a Global Model (goats and sheep in different seasons) model using composite samples, separating species (goats and sheep), separating the seasons (rain, trasição dry rain, drought and trasição dry rain) and separating species insides of seasons (dry and wet). The near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) provides good accuracy to determine the composition of PB and DIVMO the lies of small ruminant grazing in the Caatinga. The floristic composition of the Caatinga has large amounts of plant species, mostly endemic plants. The availability of biomass and chemical composition vary directly by the presence or absence of rain and decreasing or increasing the disponibinilidade and the chemical composition of all strata. In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro digestibility of organic matter to lay the sheep are larger than the goat when grazing in the Caatinga, in the months of highest incidence rainfall and are influenced by the absence of rain, the sheep, there is more variation throughout the year than the goat. The protein content of the diet of sheep and goats grazing in the Caatinga are above the minimum, described for these species, with much of this nitrogen connected to fiber. The use of a global model for both species, in different seasons (rain, TCS, Drought and TSC) is considered feasible to predict the diet of small ruminants in the Caatinga due to greater robustness of the model. The fecal NIRS technology proved to be a great alternative to partial substitution of fistulated animals in sample collection, since the calibration is done correctly. Even in heterogeneous environments such as Caatinga, the NIR has proven effective, with the limit of its use sampling in the calibration.