Soroprevalência de lentiviroses de pequenos ruminantes e caracterização dos rebanhos caprinos e ovinos no estado do Maranhão, Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: TEIXEIRA, Whaubtyfran Cabral
• Orientador(a): CASTRO, Roberto Soares de
• Banca de defesa: AZEVEDO, Edisio Oliveira de, VESCHI, Josir Laine Aparecida, PINHEIRO JÚNIOR, José Wilton
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• dARK ID: ark:/57462/0013000006vhv
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Veterinária
• Departamento: Departamento de Medicina Veterinária
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Caprino; Ovino; Infecção; Vírus; Imunodifusão
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Goat; Sheep; Infection; Immunodiffusion; Maedi-Visna
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA
• Link de acesso: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5900

The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of small ruminant lentiviruses (LVPR), to characterize the zoosanitary management and describe the characteristics of the three most important sheep and goat rearing areas from Maranhão State, Brasil. 30 goats, 31 sheep and 52 mixed farms were visited, located in 23 municipalities of the Central, East and North regions of Maranhão. A questionnaire was applied on each property covering investigative details of the owner, property, herds, and hygiene, sanitary, nutritional and reproductive management adopted. The total number of animals in the herds was 3.405 goats and 2.971 sheep. To determine the prevalence of LVPR, 1.703 were analyzed blood serum samples of goats and 1.495 sheep. The animals were older than six months, various races and both sex. For the diagnosis of infection LVPR was used in the test agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID). The statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info version 6.04. The overall prevalence of CAEV infection was 2.8% (47/1703), and the prevalence in the regions North, East and Centre were 1.3% (5/385), 2.5% (18/713) and 4.0% (24/605), respectively. Significant differences between the North and Central were observed (P<0.05). Of the total number of herds sampled, 25.6% (21/82) had at least one positive animal. The prevalence of 4.4% (10/225) for males and 2.5% (37/1478) for females were significantly different (P<0.05). It was found that the prevalence did not increase with age (P>0.05). There prevalences of 11.3% (16/142), 3.5% (23/654) and 0.9% (8/907) were recorded in purebred, crossbred and SRD animals, respectively (P <0.05). It was found an overall prevalence of MVV infection of 0.7% (11/1495) and prevalence of 0.5%, 0.7% and 1.0% in the Central, East and North regions, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Aditionaly, it was found that 0.5% (1/207) of males and 0.8% (10/1288) of females were seropositive (P>0.05). In relation to age was not observed significant difference (P>0.05). There was a prevalence of 1.5% (1/66), 1.0% (8/776) and 0.3% (2/653) for sheep purebred, crossbred and SRD, respectively (P>0.05). For the formation of the herds animals were purchased from the states of Piaui, Pernambuco, Ceará, Bahia and Paraíba. The main farming system adopted in both the goats (93.9%) and in sheep (92.8%) herds is the semi-extensive, where the animals are loose in the pasture during the day and are collected in the late afternoon. Regarding the type of fold used slatted (52.4% and 41.0%) and dirt (36.6% and 44.6%) were those with the highest frequencies. The sanitary practices adopted more frequently were: cleaning the premises, disinfection of the fold, cut and disinfection of the umbilical cord of the newborn, trimming, burial of corpses and separating sick animals. The most frequently clinical changes that affect goats and sheep were, respectively: worms (97.6% and 95.2%), caseous lymphadenitis (84.1% and 79.5), myiasis (79.3% and 73.5), abortion (73.3% and 67.5), pododermatitis (70.7% and 68.7%), parasitic skin disease (57.3% and 47.0%), mastitis (50.0% and 42.2%), arthritis (39.0% and 30.1%), contagious ecthyma (37.8% and 43.5%), keratoconjunctivitis (35.4% and 39.8%), pneumonia (29, 3% and 22.9%), diarrhea (23.2% and 19.3%) and neurological disorders (8.5% and 7.2%). It was found a high percentage of herds (65.8% in goat and 69.9% in sheep) that have problems with mortality, reaching up to 10% in each herd. Vaccination was adopted in 58.5% and 61.4% of goat and sheep herds, respectively. The deworming was the most frequently used practice for the control of nematode infections by 92.7% and 95.2% of goats and sheep, respectively. It is concluded that infection with LVPR is present in sheep and goats of located in the East, Central and Northern of Maranhão. In this sense, is explicit the need to implement control measures to prevent the spread of virus between flocks and new introductions in the state, by requiring negative tests for LVPR. It was observed that the health management adopted in goats and sheep properties in the Central, East and North regions of Maranhão, is poor, with serious problems that may interfere with the performance of the herds, requiring adjustments in order to maximize productivity and reduce costs.