Estudo sobre os fatores de medo e os fatores de proteção na infância em uma visão junguiana: criação de Instrumento para Avaliar Medo e Proteção na Infância

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Storch, Carla Ribeiro do Lago
• Orientador(a): Araújo, Ceres Alves de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Psicologia: Psicologia Clínica
• Departamento: Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e da Saúde
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Medo; Proteção; Infância
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Fear; Protection; Childhood
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19597

Children have shown interest in the mysteries of existence, asking, "Why do we have so many fears? Witches, fairies, vampires, dragons, angels: do they exist? "Fear is one of the main motivating forces of human conduct; it is necessary to protect against dangers, but not always the same for all children. Talking about fear is a very complex thing, given the individual and cultural singularities of children and the myriad of psychological factors that can trigger it. The objective of this research was to study the perception and manifestation of fear factors and protection factors in children aged 6 to 10 years, as well as to verify if there are differences in gender and type of school (public or private) in the perception and manifestation These factors. For this research, a "Picture Pack" instrument was composed of 24 figures, 12 fear figures and 12 protection figures, consisting of 4 categories: 1) Fantastic fear figures: Ogre, Vampire, Dragon, Death, Devil and Witch. 2) Figures of concrete fear: Couple fighting, Thief, Plane crashing, Lightning, Boys fighting and Accident of transit. 3) Fantastic Protection Figures: Santa Claus, Fairy, Angel, Wizard, Spiderman and Bear. 4) Concrete protective figures: Grandparents, Father / Son, Mother / Daughter, Family, Churches and Friends. The sample consisted of 400 children between 6 and 10 years old, 50% male and 50% female, from two schools, one public and one private from the city of São Paulo. The research has a descriptive quantitative nature, the discussion of the results and the symbolic analysis of the figures of the deck are based on the theoretical framework of Analytical Psychology. In this research we sought the validation of the instrument created "Deck of Figures". In order to understand the perception and manifestation of fear factors and protection factors, two hypotheses were considered: 1) fear is more fantastic in early childhood and becomes more and more concrete; 2) Protection figures, on the other hand, are more concrete in the beginning of life and then become more fantastic. It was possible to observe that, with respect to the figures of fear, the fantastic figures were chosen more in relation to the concrete ones, by the boys as by the girls, in all the ages, which shows the prevalence of the fantasy world in childhood. As for the gender differences, it was observed that in the total sample boys choose more fantastic protective figures and girls choose more concrete ones, which may be related to the different forms of play. As far as age is concerned, fantastic fear figures decrease with age, while concrete figures of fear increase, which is in accordance with the first hypothesis. In relation to protection figures, children, even the older ones, remain closely linked to concrete family protection figures, and these data contradict the second hypothesis. However, the angel fantastic protection figure was the most chosen by all children, and that choice increased with age. As for differences in educational institutions, one can observe the choice of figures of concrete fear: thief and couple fighting were more chosen by the public school children, which may be related to the greater violence of the environment in which they live. The larger choice of the Fairy (fantastic protection figure) by the public school can be understood as compensation in the imaginary world for a reality that is not good for the child. It is concluded, therefore, that fear is a factor related to survival and that learning to manage situations that cause fear is a necessity for the psychological development of the child. By choosing the children in this sample, it can be seen that the security that the family can bring is a preponderant protection factor