Elites e formação nacional: as gerações de 1830 do Brasil e da Argentina

• Ano de defesa: 2009
• Autor(a) principal: Mantovani, Rafael Leite
• Orientador(a): Gomes Júnior, Guilherme Simões
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Ciências Sociais
• Departamento: Ciências Sociais
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Formação nacional; Sociologia histórica comparada; Intelectuais; Nacionalismo > America Latina > Historia > Seculo 19; Sociologia historica; America Latina > Vida intelectual > Seculo 19
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: National formation; Compared historical sociology; Intellectuals
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS
• Link de acesso: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4112

Despite the attempt of ideologists to formulate the nationalist spirit, according to Benedict Anderson, European nationalities were also created by the bombastic and non-intentional interaction between capitalism, the beginning of the editorial effort, and the linguistic diversity. The New World, like Europe, depended on ideologues to build the nations' imaginaries. The processes of independence were crucial to the configuration of the type of elites who would determine the ethics, that is, what would be the cause of the nation. Each independent State wasn't limited to a single nation project. The 19th century saw the struggle of many groups which fought for the legitimacy of speech, and consequently, for the offices in the (Brazilian) royalty or (Spanish-American) republics. The ideologues who had given the basis of Brazilianness to the Empire were called Grupo de Paris, who were protected by the emperor and and who had systematized the facets of what should have been the pride of the new nation. On the other hand, the winning project of 19th century Argentina was the Asociación de mayo s, people who valiantly fought the Argentinean political system which was based on caudillaje and a kind of federalism , isolating each province and privileging Buenos Aires. Consequently both projects were diametrically opposed to what would be regarded as protection and persecution by the State. Although some ideas were confluent, the posture of the Brazilian group was suitable to the ruling class, and that of the Argentinean group was antagonistic with the authoritarian and fragmented political system of Argentina. These differences can be factually demonstrated: the way in which these people inserted themselves in their respective fields; the proximity of the court or distance of the country as a result of exile; the way they prepared their biographies; how they organized their literary salons; the insistence on writing about fine-arts and literature in Brazil and the essays on government and laws in Argentina. Both generations launched magazines: Niterói, by the Grupo de Paris, and La moda, by the Asociación de mayo. Comparing the first delineation of those intellectuals is one of this dissertation s aims. Another purpose of this paper is to compare the work that provides the greatest evidence of the Brazilian generation s ethos, Confederação dos Tamoios, financed directly by D. Pedro II, Brazil s emperor, with the most influential Argentinean book from this period, Facundo: civilización y barbarie, a Sarmiento s criticism to the Argentinean politics. Both works determined who were to be included and excluded in the national projects, notwithstanding, in a very different way. It is the main goal of this dissertation to investigate the legitimization of these artists and ideologists in their respective fields, and also to analyze the promotion of patriotism in these works: in each period with its own peculiarities; in each field with its own demands; and in each institution with its own interests