Teoria da objetifica??o : aplicabilidades no contexto brasileiro
Ano de defesa: | 2018 |
---|---|
Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | por |
Instituição de defesa: |
Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul
|
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Psicologia
|
Departamento: |
Escola de Ci?ncias da Sa?de
|
País: |
Brasil
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Palavras-chave em Inglês: | |
Área do conhecimento CNPq: | |
Link de acesso: | http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8419 |
Resumo: | This paper prepared as part of the researches conducted by the Research Group Prejudice, Vulnerability and Psychosocial Process of the School of Health Sciences of the Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul ? PUCRS, had the goal to evaluate the applicability of objectification theory in Brazilian women. This theory has a social-constructionist view, trying to understand the mental health consequences of being a woman in a society that sexually objectifies the female body. Sexual objectification is a phenomenon derived from s sexist society, there for the feminist analytical category of gender is necessary to comprehend this effects on corporeal and psychological experiences which constitute the subject. The main consequence proposed by the theory of living recurrent objectifying contexts is the internalization of an observer's perspective upon one's own body, leading girls and women to treat themselves, in some level, as objects to be looked at and evaluated. It is suggested that this objectified self is accompanied by other psychological experiences and emotions that lead to psychic suffering, such as habitual body monitoring, appearance anxiety and body shame. The accumulation of these experiences can help explain, at least partially, why certain detrimental outcomes such as depressive (D.D) and eating disorders (D.E) affect more women than men. To evaluate the applicability of this theoretical framework, which has proven to be valid in populations of many countries, we built a survey composed by the Self-Objectification Questionnaire, the Body Surveillance Scale, the Body Shame Scale, the Appearance Anxiety, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Scales of Anxiety, Depression and Stress (DASS-21), the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3) as well as a socio-demographic questionnaire and questions related to beauty practices and changes in appearance. The first four instruments mentioned were translated and evidence of validity and reliability was produced in relation to the original scales.The instrument SATAQ-3, which accesses similar constructs related to the internalization of beauty stereotypes and is validated in Brazil, was used as a validation measure to evaluate the convergence with the translated scales. The survey was made available through the online platform Qualtrics. The participants were women from Rio Grande do Sul, with at least 18 years of age, students from several undergraduate courses. A total sample of 621 was achieved, fulfilling the necessary criteria regarding the number of participants for each item of the adapted scales. For purposes of homogeneity, only the data from women who were students in psychology courses were used to test the proposed model of objectification, culminating in a sample of 371. The initial hypothesis was that higher levels of self-objectification and habitual body monitoring would relate to higher scores on depressive and eating disorders symptomatology scales, mediated by the variables of body shame and appearance anxiety. To test this hypothesis, the Bayesian Networks (BN) method was used. Although classical in the production of probabilistic graphical models, this method had not previously been used for the purposed of objectification theory framework. The main value of this method lies in its exploratory capacity that models the general structure of dependence of multiple variables, generating a graphic with the paths of these relations. Differently from the classic model proposed, our results indicated different paths for the outcomes of depression and eating disorders, where in the first one there was a greater contribution of the appearance anxiety variable while in the second the most significant mediating variable was body shame. Although self-surveillance has shown a direct link to the symptomatology of D.E, it didn't relate to body shame, suggesting that this negative emotion may exist and play an important role in the development of eating disorders even if there is no constant habitual body monitoring. Overall, we believe that this first approach shows that objectification theory can be used to understand some of the experiences of sexual objectification of Brazilian women and their consequences for mental health. Our limitations include a sample of women not diversified in ethnic, regional, economic class and sexual orientation aspects, thus we suggest the expansion of research in this sense as well as a more qualitative deepening to understand other specificities of the Brazilian context that may not have appeared in the present study. |
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Costa, Angelo Brandellihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5392717364543465http://lattes.cnpq.br/0004497105705958Bercht, Ana Maria2019-01-22T19:07:38Z2018-03-23http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8419This paper prepared as part of the researches conducted by the Research Group Prejudice, Vulnerability and Psychosocial Process of the School of Health Sciences of the Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul ? PUCRS, had the goal to evaluate the applicability of objectification theory in Brazilian women. This theory has a social-constructionist view, trying to understand the mental health consequences of being a woman in a society that sexually objectifies the female body. Sexual objectification is a phenomenon derived from s sexist society, there for the feminist analytical category of gender is necessary to comprehend this effects on corporeal and psychological experiences which constitute the subject. The main consequence proposed by the theory of living recurrent objectifying contexts is the internalization of an observer's perspective upon one's own body, leading girls and women to treat themselves, in some level, as objects to be looked at and evaluated. It is suggested that this objectified self is accompanied by other psychological experiences and emotions that lead to psychic suffering, such as habitual body monitoring, appearance anxiety and body shame. The accumulation of these experiences can help explain, at least partially, why certain detrimental outcomes such as depressive (D.D) and eating disorders (D.E) affect more women than men. To evaluate the applicability of this theoretical framework, which has proven to be valid in populations of many countries, we built a survey composed by the Self-Objectification Questionnaire, the Body Surveillance Scale, the Body Shame Scale, the Appearance Anxiety, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Scales of Anxiety, Depression and Stress (DASS-21), the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3) as well as a socio-demographic questionnaire and questions related to beauty practices and changes in appearance. The first four instruments mentioned were translated and evidence of validity and reliability was produced in relation to the original scales.The instrument SATAQ-3, which accesses similar constructs related to the internalization of beauty stereotypes and is validated in Brazil, was used as a validation measure to evaluate the convergence with the translated scales. The survey was made available through the online platform Qualtrics. The participants were women from Rio Grande do Sul, with at least 18 years of age, students from several undergraduate courses. A total sample of 621 was achieved, fulfilling the necessary criteria regarding the number of participants for each item of the adapted scales. For purposes of homogeneity, only the data from women who were students in psychology courses were used to test the proposed model of objectification, culminating in a sample of 371. The initial hypothesis was that higher levels of self-objectification and habitual body monitoring would relate to higher scores on depressive and eating disorders symptomatology scales, mediated by the variables of body shame and appearance anxiety. To test this hypothesis, the Bayesian Networks (BN) method was used. Although classical in the production of probabilistic graphical models, this method had not previously been used for the purposed of objectification theory framework. The main value of this method lies in its exploratory capacity that models the general structure of dependence of multiple variables, generating a graphic with the paths of these relations. Differently from the classic model proposed, our results indicated different paths for the outcomes of depression and eating disorders, where in the first one there was a greater contribution of the appearance anxiety variable while in the second the most significant mediating variable was body shame. Although self-surveillance has shown a direct link to the symptomatology of D.E, it didn't relate to body shame, suggesting that this negative emotion may exist and play an important role in the development of eating disorders even if there is no constant habitual body monitoring. Overall, we believe that this first approach shows that objectification theory can be used to understand some of the experiences of sexual objectification of Brazilian women and their consequences for mental health. Our limitations include a sample of women not diversified in ethnic, regional, economic class and sexual orientation aspects, thus we suggest the expansion of research in this sense as well as a more qualitative deepening to understand other specificities of the Brazilian context that may not have appeared in the present study.Este estudo, realizado na Escola de Ci?ncias da Sa?de da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, junto ao grupo de pesquisa Preconceito, Vulnerabilidade e Processos Psicossociais da unidade da Psicologia Social, teve como principal objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade da teoria da objetifica??o em mulheres brasileiras. Esta teoria parte de uma vis?o s?cio-construtivista, buscando entender as consequ?ncias para a sa?de mental de ser mulher em uma sociedade que objetifica sexualmente os corpos femininos. A objetifica??o sexual de meninas e mulheres ? um fen?meno derivado de uma sociedade machista e portanto a categoria de an?lise feminista g?nero faz-se necess?ria para compreender tais efeitos nas experi?ncias corporais e psicol?gicas que constituem os sujeitos. A principal consequ?ncia proposta pela teoria a partir da viv?ncia de contextos objetificantes recorrentes ? a internaliza??o de uma vis?o de observador sobre seus corpos, que levaria meninas e mulheres a tratarem a si mesmas, em algum n?vel, como objetos para serem olhados e avaliados. Se prop?em que este self objetificado venha acompanhado de outras experi?ncias psicol?gicas e emo??es que levam ao sofrimento ps?quico, como o constante auto-monitoramento corporal, a ansiedade de apar?ncia e a vergonha corporal. O ac?mulo destas experi?ncias pode auxiliar a explicar, pelo menos parcialmente, a raz?o pela qual determinados desenlaces prejudiciais como os transtornos depressivos (T.D) e alimentares (T.A) acometem mais mulheres do que homens. Para avaliar a aplicabilidade deste enquadramento te?rico, que j? mostrou-se v?lido em popula??es de diversos pa?ses, constru?mos um survey composto pelo Question?rio de Objetfica??o do Self, a Escala de Auto-Monitoramento Corporal, a Escala de Vergonha Corporal, a Escala de Ansiedade de Apar?ncia, o Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT-26), as Escalas de Ansiedade, Depress?o e Stress (EADS-21), o Question?rio de Atitudes S?cio-Culturais em Rela??o ? Apar?ncia (SATAQ-3) al?m de um question?rio s?cio-demogr?fico e com perguntas relativas ? pr?ticas de beleza e altera??o da apar?ncia. Os primeiros quatro instrumentos mencionados foram traduzidos e produziu-se evid?ncias de validade e fidedignidade em rela??o as escalas originais. O instrumento SATAQ-3, que acessa construtos similares relativos ? internaliza??o de esteri?tipos de beleza e est? validado no Brasil, foi utilizado como medida de valida??o para avaliar a converg?ncia com as escalas traduzidas. O survey foi disponibilizado a partir da plataforma on-line Qualtrics. As participantes foram mulheres do Rio Grande do Sul, com pelo menos 18 anos, estudantes de diversos cursos de gradua??o. Atingiu-se uma amostra total de 621, cumprindo os crit?rios necess?rios relativos ? quantidade de participantes para cada item das escalas adaptadas. Para fins de homogeneidade, apenas os dados das mulheres estudantes de cursos de psicologia foram utilizados para testar o modelo de objetifica??o proposto, fechando uma amostra de 371. A hip?tese inicial era de que n?veis mais altos de objetifica??o do self e auto-monitoramento corporal se relacionariam com escores mais altos nas escalas de sintomatologia depressiva e de transtornos alimentares, mediados pelas vari?veis de vergonha corporal e ansiedade de apar?ncia. Para testar a hip?tese, foi utilizado o m?todo Bayesian Networks (BN), que apesar de cl?ssico na produ??o de modelos gr?ficos probabil?sticos, n?o havia sido utilizado previamente para o enquadramento da teoria da objetifica??o. O principal valor deste m?todo reside em sua capacidade explorat?ria quemodela a estrutura geral de depend?ncia de vari?veis m?ltiplas, gerando um gr?fico com os caminhos percorridos por estas rela??es. Diferente do modelo cl?ssico proposto, nossos resultados indicaram caminhos diferentes para os desfechos de depress?o e transtornos alimentares, onde neste primeiro houve uma contribui??o maior da vari?vel ansiedade de apar?ncia enquanto que no segundo a vari?vel mediadora mais significativa foi a vergonha corporal. Apesar do auto-monitoramento ter apresentado uma liga??o direta com ? sintomatologia de T.A, ele n?o se relacionou com a vergonha corporal, sugerindo que esta emo??o negativa pode existir e ter um papel importante no desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares mesmo que n?o haja um comportamento constante de monitoramento do corpo. No geral, acreditamos que esta primeira abordagem mostra que a teoria da objetifica??o pode ser utilizada para entender algumas das experi?ncias de objetifica??o sexual de mulheres brasileiras e suas consequ?ncias para a sa?de mental. Nossas limita??es incluem uma amostra de mulheres n?o diversificada em termos ?tnicos, regionais, de classe econ?mica e orienta??o sexual, logo sugere-se a amplia??o de pesquisas neste sentido bem como um aprofundamento mais qualitativo para entender outras especificidades do contexto brasileiro que podem n?o ter aparecido no presente estudo.Submitted by PPG Psicologia (psicologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2019-01-15T13:19:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA_MARIA_BERCHT_DIS.pdf: 950145 bytes, checksum: 1f79400ef3059b5a1f9f18fd7f4b5edd (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2019-01-22T19:04:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA_MARIA_BERCHT_DIS.pdf: 950145 bytes, checksum: 1f79400ef3059b5a1f9f18fd7f4b5edd (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-22T19:07:38Z (GMT). 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Teoria da objetifica??o : aplicabilidades no contexto brasileiro |
title |
Teoria da objetifica??o : aplicabilidades no contexto brasileiro |
spellingShingle |
Teoria da objetifica??o : aplicabilidades no contexto brasileiro Bercht, Ana Maria Objetifica??o Sexual Sa?de Mental G?nero Mulheres Universit?rias Brasil Sexual Objectification Mental Health Gender College Women Brazil CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA |
title_short |
Teoria da objetifica??o : aplicabilidades no contexto brasileiro |
title_full |
Teoria da objetifica??o : aplicabilidades no contexto brasileiro |
title_fullStr |
Teoria da objetifica??o : aplicabilidades no contexto brasileiro |
title_full_unstemmed |
Teoria da objetifica??o : aplicabilidades no contexto brasileiro |
title_sort |
Teoria da objetifica??o : aplicabilidades no contexto brasileiro |
author |
Bercht, Ana Maria |
author_facet |
Bercht, Ana Maria |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Costa, Angelo Brandelli |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5392717364543465 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0004497105705958 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Bercht, Ana Maria |
contributor_str_mv |
Costa, Angelo Brandelli |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Objetifica??o Sexual Sa?de Mental G?nero Mulheres Universit?rias Brasil |
topic |
Objetifica??o Sexual Sa?de Mental G?nero Mulheres Universit?rias Brasil Sexual Objectification Mental Health Gender College Women Brazil CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Sexual Objectification Mental Health Gender College Women Brazil |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA |
description |
This paper prepared as part of the researches conducted by the Research Group Prejudice, Vulnerability and Psychosocial Process of the School of Health Sciences of the Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul ? PUCRS, had the goal to evaluate the applicability of objectification theory in Brazilian women. This theory has a social-constructionist view, trying to understand the mental health consequences of being a woman in a society that sexually objectifies the female body. Sexual objectification is a phenomenon derived from s sexist society, there for the feminist analytical category of gender is necessary to comprehend this effects on corporeal and psychological experiences which constitute the subject. The main consequence proposed by the theory of living recurrent objectifying contexts is the internalization of an observer's perspective upon one's own body, leading girls and women to treat themselves, in some level, as objects to be looked at and evaluated. It is suggested that this objectified self is accompanied by other psychological experiences and emotions that lead to psychic suffering, such as habitual body monitoring, appearance anxiety and body shame. The accumulation of these experiences can help explain, at least partially, why certain detrimental outcomes such as depressive (D.D) and eating disorders (D.E) affect more women than men. To evaluate the applicability of this theoretical framework, which has proven to be valid in populations of many countries, we built a survey composed by the Self-Objectification Questionnaire, the Body Surveillance Scale, the Body Shame Scale, the Appearance Anxiety, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Scales of Anxiety, Depression and Stress (DASS-21), the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3) as well as a socio-demographic questionnaire and questions related to beauty practices and changes in appearance. The first four instruments mentioned were translated and evidence of validity and reliability was produced in relation to the original scales.The instrument SATAQ-3, which accesses similar constructs related to the internalization of beauty stereotypes and is validated in Brazil, was used as a validation measure to evaluate the convergence with the translated scales. The survey was made available through the online platform Qualtrics. The participants were women from Rio Grande do Sul, with at least 18 years of age, students from several undergraduate courses. A total sample of 621 was achieved, fulfilling the necessary criteria regarding the number of participants for each item of the adapted scales. For purposes of homogeneity, only the data from women who were students in psychology courses were used to test the proposed model of objectification, culminating in a sample of 371. The initial hypothesis was that higher levels of self-objectification and habitual body monitoring would relate to higher scores on depressive and eating disorders symptomatology scales, mediated by the variables of body shame and appearance anxiety. To test this hypothesis, the Bayesian Networks (BN) method was used. Although classical in the production of probabilistic graphical models, this method had not previously been used for the purposed of objectification theory framework. The main value of this method lies in its exploratory capacity that models the general structure of dependence of multiple variables, generating a graphic with the paths of these relations. Differently from the classic model proposed, our results indicated different paths for the outcomes of depression and eating disorders, where in the first one there was a greater contribution of the appearance anxiety variable while in the second the most significant mediating variable was body shame. Although self-surveillance has shown a direct link to the symptomatology of D.E, it didn't relate to body shame, suggesting that this negative emotion may exist and play an important role in the development of eating disorders even if there is no constant habitual body monitoring. Overall, we believe that this first approach shows that objectification theory can be used to understand some of the experiences of sexual objectification of Brazilian women and their consequences for mental health. Our limitations include a sample of women not diversified in ethnic, regional, economic class and sexual orientation aspects, thus we suggest the expansion of research in this sense as well as a more qualitative deepening to understand other specificities of the Brazilian context that may not have appeared in the present study. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2018-03-23 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2019-01-22T19:07:38Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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masterThesis |
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http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8419 |
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http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8419 |
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500 500 |
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Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul |
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Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Psicologia |
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PUCRS |
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Brasil |
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Escola de Ci?ncias da Sa?de |
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Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) |
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biblioteca.central@pucrs.br|| |
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