Toxicidade, eficácia e efeitos morfofuncionais do antimicrobiano azitromicina para a tilápia Oreochromis niloticus

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Shiogiri, Natália Sayuri
• Orientador(a): Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Carlos; Câmpus São Carlos
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais - PPGERN
• Palavras-chave em Português: Hematologia; Morfologia; Imunidade Inata; Estresse Oxidativo; “Burst” Respiratório; Peixe
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Hematology; Morphology; Innate Immunity; Oxidative Stress; Respiratory Burst; Teleost
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7111

The increase of fish production in intensive systems involves the use of antimicrobians in the treatment of diseases caused by bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate acute toxicity (CL50; 48h) of the antimicrobial azithromycin (AZT) for fingerlings of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), the effects on young tilapia, after chronic exposure (14 days) via hematological analysis, morphology gills, liver and kidneys and antioxidant system responses in the liver, and to determine the efficacy of control of Aeromonas hydrophila via hematological analysis and innate immune response, in addition to the morphological effects gills, kidneys and liver and antioxidant system responses in the liver. The acute toxicity (LC50; 48h) of the AZT to tilapia was > 100 mg L-1 being th AZT classified as practically non-toxic. After chronic exposure, there was an increase in hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and in the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes (MCV) and no change in the other variables of the red series was observed. The leukocytes increased after exposure to 100 mg L-1 AZT. Histological changes in gills suggest defense response against irritant agent and indicate normal structure and function of the organ; in the kidney no changes was observed and in the liver changes were classified as moderate to severe. In the efficacy trial, the offering of medicated food with AZT (100 and 125 mg kg-1) to animals infected with A. hydrophila was efficient and all of the treated animals survived; of the untreated animals 22% came to death. The Hct decreased and the hematimetric indices mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration increased, the percentage of lymphocytes decreased and the percentage of neutrophil increased in untreated infected animals, but were unchanged in animals treated with AZT. No change occurred in innate immunity assessed by the activity of lysozyme, complement system and leukocytes respiratory burst activity. Gills showed no changes that could interfere in the organ function, in the liver changes were classified from mild to moderate and didn´t occurred alterations in the kidneys. Animals treated with AZT showed no adverse effects related to defense cells and the innate immune activity. The drug also caused no changes in antioxidant defense enzymes in the animals' liver after chronic exposure and did not generate oxidative stress. After challenge with A. hydrophila occurred an increased in the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase and glutathione level in the liver of animals treated with AZT and the glutathione level decreased in the infected group and untreated. These responses suggest that infection caused by A. hydrophila can induce an increased production of ROS and, consequently, stimulated responses of the antioxidant defenses. These responses were effective to prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress.