Infusão contínua de insulina e controle glicêmico em pacientes sépticos: implicações para a enfermagem em terapia intensiva

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Manassés Moura dos
• Orientador(a): Silva, Lolita Dopico da
• Banca de defesa: Silva, Roberto Carlos Lyra da , Menezes, Maria de Fátima Batalha de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem
• Departamento: Centro Biomédico::Faculdade de Enfermagem
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Cuidados intensivos; Insulina; Enfermagem
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Intensive care; Insulin; Nursing
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11382

This study aims to get the glycemic control result from the insulin continuous infusion (ICI) in septic patients in intensive care. The objectives were to determine the hypoglycemia incidence in patients from two Intensive Care Units (ICU) who received ICI and its relation to the target range values for each protocol, and discuss the implications for nursing practice related to hypoglycemia incidence. It is a bi-centric and retrospective cross-sectional study with data collection technique, by analyzing the records and their quantitative assessment. It was developed in two ICUs, one oncology hospital belonging to Union and another to state of Rio de Janeiro. Glycemic measures from septic patients who used ICI in 2010 in both ICUs were collected to data, yielding two thousand, two hundred and thirteen measured in twenty-nine patients (11.88%) from ICU 1, and nine hundred and twenty-three measures in twenty (9.85%) patients from ICU 2. Hypoglycemia records were divided into two categories, measures with values defined by the adopted protocol and measures with values less than 50mg/dL, characterized as severe hypoglycemia by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. In both categories, it was necessary to intervene, administering hypertonic glucose of 50%. Sixteen patients from ICU 1 had hypoglycemia, four (25%) measuring between 50 and 60mg/dL and twelve (75%) with measures less than 50mg/dL. Thirteen patients from ICU 2 had hypoglycemia, ten (76.92%) measuring between 50 and 80mg/dL and three (23.08%) with measures less than 50mg/dL. For the incidence calculation, the total hypoglycemia episodes were considered independently of category. Comparing the two ICUs, global incidence of hypoglycemia was found in ICU 1 almost five times higher (22.60:4.54). In ICU 1, from fifty hypoglycemia episodes, twenty records were lower than 50mg/dL; in ICU 2, from forty-two hypoglycemia episodes, three records were lower than 50mg/dL. Severe hypoglycaemia in ICU 1 was 1.5 times smaller than the hypoglycemia by protocol; in ICU 2, severe hypoglycaemia was thirteen times smaller than the hypoglycemia by protocol. In ICU 1, from two thousand, two hundred and thirteen measurements, three hundred and seventy-five glucose measurements were below the target range. Of these measures, fifty were characterized as hypoglycemia (375:50). From seven or eight measures below the target range, one was hypoglycemia. In the ICU 2, from nine hundred and twenty-three measurements, two hundred and twenty-three measurements were below the target. From them, forty-two measures were hypoglycaemia (223:42). Therefore, for every five measures below the range, one was hypoglycemia. Considering that ICI in septic patients may contribute to better results, the nursing staff must be capable of making an effective glycemic control with less risk of hypoglycemia. Subsidizing the team with knowledge about the factors predisposing to hypoglycemia, as well as increase the nursing care level, provides indeed to reduce incidence of serious adverse events.