Uso de aluminossilicatos para adsorção de amônio do lixiviado de aterro e seu aproveitamento como adubo na plantação de rabanetes (Raphanus sativus)

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Couto, Rafael Schirmer de Paula
• Orientador(a): Marques, Mônica Regina da Costa
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química
• Departamento: Centro de Tecnologia e Ciências::Instituto de Química
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Aluminossilicatos; Adsorventes; Fertilizantes; Amônio; Lixiviação; Coluna de solos; Cromatografia de íons; Rabanetes; Cromatografia de troca iônica; Adubos e fertilizantes
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Aluminosilicates; Adsorbents; Fertilizers; Ammonium; Leaching; Ion chromatography; Soil column; Radishes
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/15629

The present thesis aims to study the ability of aluminosilicates, such as clays and zeolites, to adsorb the ammonium ions present in landfill leachate. In addition to compare their performance as fertilizer in the plantation of radish in parallel with of commercial fertilizers. Adsorption tests were made with adsorbent materials ammonium chloride standard solutions in order to obtain isotherms and adsorption kinetics. It was observed that the clays have different adsorption characteristics compared to the zeolites. The adsorption capacity of one of the commercial clays (C3) was 83% of the ammonium ions while the commercial zeolite (Z) reached on average 10% less of clay adsorption capacity. The leachate collected from Jardim Gramacho / RJ landfill was characterized and the ammonium present was removed by the distillation technique. The distillate containing ammonium ions was placed in contact with the two adsorbent materials (C3 and Z). The C3 clay confirmed its best removal capacity (95% NH4+ present in the leachate) compared to the zeolite. However, it was decided to continue the studies using zeolite due to its greater operational ease. These ammonium enriched zeolites were used as a source of nitrogen (Z treatment) in column leaching tests and in planting radishes where their behavior and efficiency were compared with commercial fertilizers in Brazilian soils. Samples of slightly acidic clayey (ARG) and sandy (AR) soil were used, which were corrected by liming for planting, generating ARG-T and ARE-T treated soils. The ARG soil was eutrophic with a higher cation exchange capacity (CEC) than the dystrophic ARE soil. In the column leaching test, fertilizer treatments promoted an improvement in soil chemical parameters. The ARE soil, due to having a CTC lower than the ARG soil, had a higher nutrient leaching. In relation to the planting of radishes, in the ARG and ARG-T soil pots, all treatments formed foliage and radish, but in ARG-T soil, treatment with ammonium nitrate yielded better than the others. In the ARE soil samples, the lowest yield values were obtained, mainly for the Z treatment, where radish was formed. The correction of the soil by liming was significant, improving the yield of the Z treatment in the ARE-T soil. The proposal to use the Z treatment as fertilizer is feasible in eutrophic clay soils and treated sandy soils, where the most competitive results of this fertilizer compared to commercial fertilizers was found.