Redução de peso na prevenção primária de acidente vascular cerebral

• Ano de defesa: 2007
• Autor(a) principal: Curioni, Cintia Chaves
• Orientador(a): Veras, Renato Peixoto
• Banca de defesa: Moraes, Claudia Leite , Pereira, Rosângela Alves , Richter, Bern, Freitas, Gabriel Rodrigues de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva
• Departamento: Centro Biomédico::Instituto de Medicina Social
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Obesidade; Perda de peso; Doenças cardiovasculares; Acidente vascular cerebral; Mortalidade; Séries temporais; Rimonabant; Revisão sistemática
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Obesity; Weight loss; Cardiovascular disease; Stroke; Mortality; Time series; Rimonabant; Systematic review
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA::EPIDEMIOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/4611

Cardiovascular diseases (DCV) are the leading cause of death in the world. Although mortality rates declined gradually in developed countries, the scenario is less clear in developing countries. We describe the trends in cardiovascular mortality in Brazil foccusing on stroke. Given the prevalence of stroke and the enormous health and economic cost of the disease, and the causal association between overweight or obesity and stroke is unclear, it is important to evaluate the effect of the weight loss in the primary prevention of stroke. Due to the fact that rimonabant is the first drug of a new class promising not only for weight reduction but also for the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors, it is important to establish its possible efficacy and safety. Firstly, to better understand current epidemiological aspects of CVD in Brazil, focusing on stroke, two studies were carried out evaluating the secular trends of CVD mortality along the last three decades and possible differences according to social and regional disparities, gender and age distribution (articles I and II). Two systematic revisions were carried out: one evaluating the effect of weight loss in the primary prevention of stroke and the other investigating the use of rimonabant in the treatment of obesity (articles III and IV). Stroke mortality rates decreased consistently in the last 3 decades, from 68.2 to 40.9 per 100 000 habitants. The reduction was detected in men and women and in all age strata being evident in all geopolitical regions of the Country, with the wealthiest regions exhibiting more marked reductions (article I). The same trend was observed for all CVD, with a mean annual reduction of 3.9%. The largest average decline found was for stroke (mean of 4.0% per year) followed by coronary disease (mean of 3.6% per year) (article II). There are no studies evaluating the effect of the weight reduction in the primary prevention of stroke (article III). The results concerning the drug rimonabant showed a dose-response effect: compared with placebo, 20 mg produced a greater weight loss (4.9 kg) in 4 clinical trials with 1 year of follow-up. Improvements in cardiomatabolic risk factors were also seen. However, 5 mg only led to a slightly increased weight reduction (1.3 kg more than placebo). Rimonabant 20 mg caused significantly more adverse effects. Attrition rates were approximately 40% (article IV). CVD and stroke consistently decreased in Brazil during the last decades. The reduction is in apparent relationship with indices of increasing social development. Broad interventions may be more succesful if planed according to social inequality and cultural differences. The findings point to the need of randomized controlled clinical trials specifically addressing the effects of weight loss in the primary prevention of stroke, due to the great importance of this condition. As interventions are not totally effective in the treatment of the obesity, prevention remains the most valuable tool to control its harmful effects. Rimonabant could produce modest weight loss. Some caution with the observerd results should be take account since the studies presented some deficiencies in the methodological quality. More methodologically rigorous studies that are powered to examine efficacy and safety are required.