Trajetórias de coconstrução da autonomia em três gerações familiares de mulheres do Rio de Janeiro

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Campos, Katia Nahum
• Orientador(a): Seidl-de-moura, Maria Lucia
• Banca de defesa: Mendes, Deise Maria Leal Fernandes , Ponciano, Edna Lucia Tinoco , Magalhães, Andrea Seixas , Pessôa, Luciana Fontes
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social
• Departamento: Centro de Educação e Humanidades::Instituto de Psicologia
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Autonomia; Mulheres; Gerações; Psicologia Social
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Autonomy; Women; Generation
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/15152

The traditional model of family has been questioned, mainly in Brazilian urban middle classes. Currently, women from such groups are being raised to compete, thrive professionally, seek for success and economic independence. At the same time, these women are still expected to be the support of their families. This issue demands a discussion about its socialization process. The self is developed within interpersonal relationships, according to different cultural backgrounds that can value more or less autonomy or relatedness. This dissertation aimed to investigate how women from three different generations value autonomy, across two studies with families in Rio de Janeiro. 51 women participated in the study 1 (grandmothers, mothers and daughters). The model of development of self was assessed through the scales of autonomy, relatedness and related autonomy. Because there can be differences between what women wish for themselves and what they report as true experiences, we used two parallel versions of the scales, called real and ideal . Higher scores were found on the real related-autonomy scale (RRA) for all members of all the families in the sample. There were also significant mean differences between grandmothers x mothers and grandmothers x daughters in the same scale. These scores were negatively correlated with age. Mothers and daughters wish they were more autonomous and less related. The daughters/granddaughters wish they were more autonomous than the grandmothers wish and more related than the mothers wish, and also had higher scores in the ideal related-autonomy (IRA) than the grandmothers. The IRA scores were also negatively correlated with the participants age. There was an effect of educational level on the RRA, IRA and ideal-autonomy (IA) scores. 10 families from study 1 were randomly selected to study 2, in which they answered to two open-ended questions: In your opinion, what does it mean to be a women? and In your opinion, what characterizes an autonomous woman? . Content analysis revealed that, to more than half of the participants, being a woman means taking care of the family. Mothers and daughters highlighted the roles of a caregiver and being a good wife. The mothers were the ones who most valued tenacity, and granddaughters valued the sense of duty and responsibilities. More than half of the participants said that, being an autonomous woman involves being successful at work and financially, and the ability to manage their own lives. All daughters valued independence. Mothers valued professional and financial achievements, and the grandmothers valued independence and professional achievements. Some categories were found similarly in all three generations. We concluded that, women in the two studies, value aspects of autonomy and relatedness in accordance with an autonomous-related model. Despite the historical changes of women s social roles, this development trajectory was predominant in all three generations in our study. Our findings also shown that, in spite of showing appreciation for independence and professional fulfillment, women still think of themselves as the support of their families, as mothers and wives. They seem to find themselves divided between several roles, where old and new cultural values are present between generations.