Na Carne do Social: Dom Constituinte, Metamorfoses do Político e Paradoxos da Reconstrução Democrática

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Magnelli, André Ricardo do Passo
• Orientador(a): Vandenberghe, Frédéric
• Banca de defesa: Berten, André Jacques Louis Adrien , Lynch, Christian Edward Cyril , Vianna, Luiz Jorge Werneck , Andrade, Ricardo Jardim
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia
• Departamento: Centro de Ciências Sociais::Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Políticos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Democracia; Político; Totalitarismo; Utilitarismo; Parcelitarismo; Dom; Simbolismo
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Democracy; Politics; Totalitarianism; Utilitarism; Parcelitarianism; Gift; Symbolism
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::SOCIOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/15504

Reconstructed after WWII, proof against totalitarianism, deconstructed, since the years 1970-80, proof against parcelitarianism, contemporary democracies have become a problem that imposes on us the challenge of a second reconstruction: after the victory of the right, the acceleration of history and the unprecedented globalization with the hegemony of the utilitarian model of market-society, it is urgent today to return the political on two fronts: on the one side, a comeback to the thought of the political, in order to reflect upon our own times; on the other side, a comeback to the democratic political community, forming an autonomous collective-being capable of mastering its own history based upon a project of collective good living. In Part One, a political reconstruction of the thought and the action through reflection on the symbolic social foundation are proposed intent on reaching to the logic of the gift. In the first chapter, Lefort's theses on the primacy of the political are analyzed, with their proposal for a political thought able to be placed in the flesh of the social realm, operating through cross-reflection between politics and religion, democracy and totalitarianism. From the reflection on how the totalitarian regime relates to the logic of the gift, we have moved on to the second chapter about Mauss introducing the concept of total social fact operated by the archeology of the social realm, revealing the logic of the archaic gift. From that concept we have extracted a practical philosophy an archaic phronesis , that serves both as a criticism to Bolshevism and the project of democratic socialism. In the third chapter, we revisit Caillé's ideas which propose the development of a political anthropo-sociology of the gift, allowing us to construct an anti-utilitarian theory of action and a minimum doctrine convivialism as a guideline to the practice of renovation of democracies. In Part Two, we analyze the works of Gauchet, through which a horizon opens, displaying both the prospect of a history of metamorphoses of politics up to the advent of democracy and a political ontology of the present time unveiling the paradoxes of post-totalitarian democratic reconstruction. In the fourth chapter, the theses of Clastres are shown, which will be the subject of the fifth and final chapter. The theses on the politics of savage institution and the political philosophy of the gift will be analyzed in order to serve as a starting point for a political history of religion. The historical distance from the present time allows for a new intelligence of the specific dynamics of contemporary societies: the departure of religion. At the end of the historical path, we have come to the dilemmas of the current democracies, which are the offspring of liberal-democratic synthesis of the post-war, and which are in a self-destructive dynamics, captured by the ideology of the possibility of a democracy organized by impersonal market mechanisms associated with the guarantee of individual rights in a world of hyper-individualism; which, in turn, causes them to lose the power to act or perform autonomously and consciously, as a collective project dominating its own history according to the will of the collective-being.