Estudo das alterações cardiovasculares e metabólicas em modelo experimental de programação metabólica: efeito de extrato da casca de uva Vitis vinífera

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Andréa Fernandes Emiliano da
• Orientador(a): Resende, Angela de Castro
• Banca de defesa: Brunini, Tatiana Marlowe Cunha , Koury, Josely Correa , Silva, Cláudia Lúcia Martins da , Boaventura, Gilson Teles
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental
• Departamento: Centro Biomédico::Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Extrato da casca de uva; Hipertensão; Hipertensão - Tratamento alternativo; Resistência à insulina; Estresse oxidativo; Programação do desenvolvimento; Uva - Uso terapêutico
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Grape skin extract; Hypertension; Hypertension - Alternative treatment; Insulin resistance; Oxidative stress; Developmental programming; Grape - Therapeutic use
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::FARMACOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12598

Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that cardiovascular risk factors can be partly attributed to the influences of the environment in which the individual lives, and that maternal nutrition influences the programming of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in adults characterizing the metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, previous studies from our laboratory show that the skin extract of grape Vitis labrusca (GSE) has antihypertensive, antioxidant and vasodilator effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral treatment with GSE (200mg/kg/day) on the cardiovascular and metabolic disorders and oxidative stress observed in adult offspring (female and male) at 3 or 6 months whose mothers were fed a high fat diet (HF) during lactation. Four groups of rats were fed experimental diets: control (7% fat), control + GSE (7% fat + GSE), diet (24% fat), HF + GSE (24% fat + GSE) during lactation. After weaning, all pups have become fed a control diet and were sacrificed at 3 or 6 months of age. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by plethysmography and the vasodilator effect of acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in perfused mesenteric arterial bed (MAB). We determined the body weight, adiposity, plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA IR. The expression of IRS-1, Akt and GLUT-4 were determined in soleus muscle. Oxidative damage, nitrite levels and antioxidant enzyme activity: superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in plasma and homogenate of mesentery bed. The SBP and adipose tissue were increased in adult offspring of both sex and ages of the HF group and reversed by treatment with GSE. The vasodilator response to ACh was not different between groups of both sex, but was reduced by aging. In offspring females and males of the HF group were also observed increased levels of triglycerides, glucose and insulin resistance in both ages and those changes were reduced by GSE. HF group showed a reduction in expression of IRS-1, Akt and GLUT-4 which was reversed by GSE. The malondialdehyde levels were increased and nitrite levels were decreased in the HF group of both sex and ages and those changes were reversed by GSE. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in plasma and mesentery were lower in HF group and restored by the GSE. In conclusion, GSE appears to protect the female and male offspring whose mothers were exposed to a high fat diet during lactation, against the cardiovascular risk factors, providing an alternative source of food for the prevention of metabolic syndrome.