Neoliberalismo e luta de classes: um estudo sobre a experiência política da “Geringonça” portuguesa (2015-2019)

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Campos, Lucas Pacheco
• Outros Autores: [e-mail]
• Orientador(a): Frigotto, Gaudêncio
• Banca de defesa: Algebaile, Eveline Bertino , Gurgel, Cláudio Roberto Marques , Reis, Marcelo Braz Moraes dos
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas e Formação Humana
• Departamento: Centro de Educação e Humanidades
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Politícas Públicas; Imperialismo; Neoliberalismo; Luta de Classes; Portugal; Geringonça
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Imperialism; Neoliberalism; Class Struggle
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS HUMANAS::CIENCIA POLITICA
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/17534

In recent years, the world has been experiencing the various effects of a persistent economic crisis with serious political and social consequences. Neoliberal capitalism, operative since the 1970s, has been suffering, at least since the 2008 crisis, a transformation-radicalization process in which reactionary neoliberalism takes on as its predominant theoretical-historical variant.This is a resurgence movement of imperialist capitalism that has been gradually conforming, over the last decade, as a response pattern to its environment of multiple crises. Thus, neoliberalism is transforming itself and, at the same time, tending to become more radicalized in economics and more reactionary in politics. In this context, this thesis was concerned to study a phenomenon that could represent a form of resistance to the current neoliberal attack to the labor field and the popular classes. In the opposite direction of the global trend, in 2015 a new government was formed in Portugal, the result of a historic understanding between social democracy (Socialist Party) and the left (Left Block, Portuguese Communist Party and Ecologist Party “Os Verdes”). This unprecedented political architecture, which became known as Geringonça, supported in parliament a minority government led by the socialists, which did not have the participation of other forces in the structure of the executive power. The solution was not established exactly as a formal coalition, but as an innovative experience in the country, carried out on a set of commitments that had as its central axis the fight against the effects of the economic crisis and, simultaneously, resistance to the neoliberal radicalization applied by the previous government, that was submissive to the austerity imperatives emanating from the Troika. Considering the end of the political architecture in October 2019, the main objective of this research was to investigate the historical development of the Portuguese experience known as Geringonça, valid from 2015 until 2019, apprehending its concrete meanings for the resistance to the neoliberal offensive. Therefore, the work dialectically interpreted the phenomenon in its real development, connecting it to the country's recent history and to the universal capitalist context. Then, the genesis, development, ending and meanings of this experience were analyzed. It was noted how it was forged in the midst of historical and conjunctural processes particular to the Portuguese reality. The decisive role played by the left in influencing that minority government was also perceived. In its dialectics of victory and defeat, Geringonça architecture has established itself in an unstable balance, revealing contradictory results and meanings that are expressed beyond its four years of operation and surpasses the Portuguese reality. It was concluded that the experience expressed a change in the internal correlation of forces, giving the radical left more power to intervene in national politics and contributing to the containment of the austerity program that had been applied until 2015. Such results, however, did not materialize concretely as an overcoming of neoliberalism in Portugal, nor even as a complete interruption of the neoliberal radicalization in the country. In this investigative trajectory, the main lesson left by the phenomenon was the strengthening of a thesis long defended by the Marxist tradition: the key to the resistance of the exploited and oppressed against the current offensive of capital lies in class struggle.