Reconstrução biogeográfica do Neocretáceo com base nos padrões de distribuição da paleoictiofauna

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Parméra, Thaís de Castro Cunha
• Orientador(a): Silva, Valéria Gallo da
• Banca de defesa: Hajdu, Gisele Lôbo , Silva, Hilda Maria Andrade da , Carvalho, Marise Sardenberg Salgado de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução
• Departamento: Centro Biomédico::Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Paleobiogeografia; Pan-biogeografia; Análise de Parcimônia de Endemismos; Neocretáceo; Paleoicitiofauna; Biogeografia; Paleontologia
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Palaeobiogeography; Panbiogeography; Parsimony Analysis of Endemism; Later Cretaceous; Paleoictiofauna
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA::PALEOZOOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/5901

The Upper Cretaceous represented a period of enviromental changes in the planet, which worked as vicariant events that impacted the biota distribution patterns. Historical Biogeography can be used to reconstruct these patterns taking space-time into consideration. The goal of this study was the ellaboration and comprehension of a distribution overview of the Upper Cretaceous Ostheichthyies paleoichtyofauna of South America and Africa through Historical Beogeography approaches. Panbiogeography provide unrelated taxa distribution patterns interrelating their geographical incidence with Earth´s geological history in order to search a commom history ammong their distributions over time. Parsimony analysis of endemicity determine Endemicity Areas taking into account different historical processes, connecting these areas to reveal the commom history of their biotas. For biogeography purposes, innitially a survey of the current incidences of the Upper Cretaceous Ostheichthyies ichtyofauna of South America and Africa was made. The coordinates were obtained diretcly or through georeference. After the attainment of the incidences with current coordinates, these were converted into paleocoordinates through the Point Tracker for Windows program, the Individual Tracks (ITs) and General Tracks (GTs) were obtained with the aid of the ArcView v3.2 program, employing the the Trazos 2004 extension to each floor of the neocretaceous. At the intersection of Generalized Tracks, biogeographic nodes were identified. For the purposes of the Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity a presence-absence matrix was built relating predetermined areas and the taxa for each floor. The matrix was submitted to the parcimony algorithm Traditional Search trough the software TNT 1.1. Area cladograms were obtained with indication of endemicity areas and these were plotted in paleomaps. For comparision purposes the same taxa were user for both methods. For the six floors 573 incidences, 384 taxa, 39 Individual Tracks, 10 Generalized Tracks, two Biogeographic node and five endemicity areas were obtained. It follows that the Neocretaceous Ostheichthyies paleoichtyofauna of South America and Africa distribution patterns are still linked to Gondwana´s rifting. The marine trangressions also had a prominent role in the fish biota distribution. The Cenomanian, Turonian and Maastrichtian presented a great variety of fish and distribution patterns were idenfitied.The Coniacian-Santonian gap presents a low fish diversity that can be explained by the tectonic and geological side events resulting from Gondwana´s rifting and that may have hampered the deposition and formation of fossils. There is similarity among South American and African fauna with evidence of a commom past origins dating from Gondwanas´s rifting. Both methodologies studied in this work represent approaches capable of obtaining distribution patterns of fossil taxa and can be used in a complementary