Desempenho agronômico do arroz de terras altas em condições controladas, promovido por microrganismos multifuncionais

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Fernandes, João Pedro Tavares
• Orientador(a): Nascente, Adriano Stephan
• Banca de defesa: Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de, Nascente, Adriano Stephan, Lobo, Valácia Lemes da Silva, Lacerda, Mábio Chrisley
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (EA)
• Departamento: Escola de Agronomia - EA (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Oryza sativa; Rizobactérias; Trichoderma; Sustentabilidade
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Sustainability
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/12301

Rice is among the three most consumed cereals in the world, it is the staple food for more than 50% of the world population and an important source of carbohydrates. In Brazil, upland rice, dependent on rainwater, is grown mostly in the Midwest and North regions. Aiming at a sustainable production, which provides greater productivity, with the use of less quantity of inputs, it is necessary to improve cultivation techniques, thus meeting the growing demand for food. In this sense, the use of multifunctional microorganisms can be a strategic alternative for this sustainable production. This is because, these microorganisms provide several direct and indirect benefits to plants, such as the production of hormones, siderophores, phosphate solubilizers, improved nutrient absorption and gas exchange and bioprotection against biotic and abiotic stresses, factors that result in greater productivity crop grain. The use of a mix of multifunctional microorganisms can have a greater beneficial effect when compared to the use of these same microorganisms used in isolation. However, there are still few studies on the use of a mix of multifunctional microorganisms in upland rice culture. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of the use of multifunctional microorganisms, isolated or in mix on the performance of upland rice culture. For this, three experiments were conducted, in a completely randomized design, where the variables of biomass production, gas exchange, accumulated nutrient content in the plant, components of production and grain yield, total root length, root diameter, volume were evaluated roots and root dry matter in rice plants. In experiment 1, the treatments consisted of the rhizobacterias Bacillus sp. (BRM 32109, BRM 32110 and 1301), Azospirillum sp. (1381), Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V5), Pseudomonas fluorescens (BRM 32111), Pseudomonas sp. (BRM 32112), Burkholderia pyrrocinia (BRM 32113), Serratia sp. (BRM 32114) and a pool of Trichoderma asperellum (UFRA. T06 + UFRA. T09 + UFRA. T12 + UFRA. T52), applied alone or in a mix of two, three, four and five microorganisms, totaling 26 treatments. However, the mix of various microorganisms did not provide significant increases in the development of rice plants, due to possible competition between them. Thus, the second experiment was carried out in which the microorganisms were applied alone and combined in pairs, totaling 26 treatments. In the third experiment, the rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens were tested. (BRM32111), Burkholderia pyrrocinia (BRM 32113), Serratia sp. (BRM32114), Bacillus sp. (1301), Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V5) and Azospirillum sp. (1381), in the root development of rice seedlings. In all experiments, the control treatment (without microorganisms) was used. Based on the experiments, it appears that the most effective treatments were: Experiment I, microorganisms Ab-V5 + Bacillus sp., Bacillus spp. + Azospirillum sp., Pool of Trichoderma asperellum and Serratia sp. + Trichoderma asperellum pool, which provided the largest increases in the total biomass production of upland rice plants with values of 26.8, 25.4, 23.3 and 21.3%, higher than the control treatment, respectively. Experiment II, the microorganisms 1301 + Ab-V5 and BRM 32114 + Trichoderma asperellum pool, since they provided an average increase of 123 and 88% in the number of panicles and 206 and 167% in the grain yield of rice of highlands, respectively, compared to the control treatment. And in experiment III, the microorganism Azospirillum sp. (1381) provided better performance of the components: root length, root volume and dry root weight in rice seedlings, corresponding to 86.34, 111.53 and 29.41%, respectively superior to the control treatment. Based on the results obtained, it is highlighted that the use of multifunctional microorganisms can significantly improve the performance of the upland rice culture, with emphasis on the good results obtained with the use of the mix in pairs of these microorganisms. However, despite the positive results in controlled conditions, further research is needed, evaluating the possible beneficial effects also in field conditions.