Interação de genótipos com ambientes em ensaios de feijoeiro-comum do grupo preto:implicações na recomendação de cultivares

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: TORGA, Paula Pereira
• Orientador(a): MELO, Patrícia Guimarães Santos
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Agronomia
• Departamento: Ciências Agrárias
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Phaseolus vulgaris; Estabilidade fenotípica; Adaptabilidade; Estratificação ambiental; Decomposição da interação GxA; Melhoramento genético vegetal; Phaseolus vulgaris;Interação genótipos x ambientes; Recomendação de cultivares
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Phaseolus vulgaris; Phenotypic stability; Adaptability; Environmental stratification; GxE decomposition
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/440

Genotypes x environments interaction (GxE) have many implications in a plant breeding program. Its importance becomes most obvious and pronounced in the final evaluation phase of lines for recommendation of new cultivars. At this stage, final tests on networking called value of cultivation and use (VCU) trials are carried out, in different locations, seasons and years, which allows a detailed study of GxE. The interaction can be controlled with a detailed study, and it does not negatively affect in the recommendation, providing a most secure selection and recommendation. There are some ways to mitigate the effect of GxE interaction, among them can be cited: i) the identification of cultivars with greater adaptability and phenotypic stability; ii) environmental stratification; and iii) the decomposition of the interaction to verify which factors (locations, season or years) is more expressive. The aim of this work was to study the GxE interaction in details, using VCU trials of common black bean, analyzing adaptability and phenotypic stability, environmental stratification and decomposition of GxE interaction. It makes possible to have most secure decision in the conduction of tests as the selection and recommendation of cultivars with the purpose to guide the common bean breeding program at Embrapa Rice and Beans. Data for grain yield (kg.ha-1) from the VCU trials of black beans, conducted during the years 2003 and 2004, in 69 environments of Central (43 environments) and Central-South regions (26 environments) from Brazil were analyzed in the following States: Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Tocantins, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. Complete block design with three replications and plots of four rows with four meters long were used. Each test consisted of 13 genotypes of common black beans: eight elite lines (TB 9409, TB 9713, CNFP 10138, CNFP 7966, CNFP 7972, 7994 CNFP, CNFP 8000, CNFP 9328) and five cultivars (BRS Valente, FT Nobre, Diamante Negro, IPR Uirapuru, FT Soberano). First were done the phenotypic adaptability and stability analysis for region, to identify lines with specific and wide adaptation, using the methodologies of Annicchiarico and AMMI (additive main effects model and multiplicative interaction), with data from 69 trials. The lines with higher specific adaptation in each region were not coincident using the methodologies of Annicchiarico and AMMI. It was not possible identify genotypes with similar patterns of stability specific or broad using methodologies of Annicchiarico and AMMI (MPEA). The methodologies of Annicchiarico and AMMI (MPEAP) presented estimates of broad and specific adaptation very similar. Based on the methods Annicchiarico and AMMI (MPEAP) lines with more specific adaptation were CNFP 8000 and CNFP 7994, respectively, in the Central and Mid-South regions, and CNFP 8000 was more widely adaptated. To check which of the environmental factors (local, season or years) the interaction with common black bean genotypes is more expressive, and identify materials with broad and specific adaptation to sowing seasons, it was performed an analysis of variance with the decomposition of GxE in genotype x year, genotype x season and genotype x location. This analysis was performed by region, using first, 18 trials of Central region and 12 trials of the Central-South region, which allowed a partial isolation of factors and, later, the analysis using eight trials of each region, which allowed a complete isolation of the factors. The results showed that for Central Region was more important to evaluate the genotypes in different seasons and years than at different locations. For Central-South Region were more important evaluations of genotypes in different locations and years than at different seasons. For the Central Region, most genotypes had specific adaptation, but it was possible to identify lines widely adapted. In South-Central region the most genotypes showed widely adapted, but some lines showed strong specific adaptation. The line CNFP 8000 was the most widely adapted when we considered the two sowing season and the two regions. To evaluate the similarity among the locations assessed, it was performed environmental stratification analysis by sowing season for each region separately, using data from 27 trials from Central Region and 24 trials from Central-South Region. We used four different methods: i) traditional, proposed by Lin, complemented by simple fraction analysis of GxE interaction; ii) factor analysis; iii) Pearson correlation estimate; and iv) ecovalence. The results for the Central Region indicated Morrinhos as redundant using all four methodologies and for this reason, it was recommend to remove this local from the network of lines evaluation of Embrapa Rice and Beans. For the Central-South region, it was not detected the presence of similarity between locations and, because of this, all places will remain in the network of lines evaluation.