Epidemiologia da Infecção pelo Vírus da Hepatite B em Assentamento Rural em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil Central

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Rodrigues, Fabiana Perez
• Orientador(a): Teles, Sheila Araujo
• Banca de defesa: Teles, Sheila Araujo, Castro, Ana Rita Coimbra Motta de, Martins, Regina Maria Bringel, Matos, Márcia Alves Dias de, Tipple, Anaclara Ferreira Veiga
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (FEN)
• Departamento: Faculdade de Enfermagem - FEN (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Assentamento Rural; Hepatites virais; Hepatite B; Epidemiologia
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Rural Settlement; Hepatitis Virais; Hepatitis B; Epidemiology
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: ENFERMAGEM::ENFERMAGEM DE DOENCAS CONTAGIOSAS
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3785

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been responsible for the largest number of chronic hepatitis illness throughout the world as well as its sequelae: cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In Brazil, a low endemic country for hepatitis B, the most of the information on this infection has been limited to urban populations. Data about hepatitis B epidemiology in rural settlement are rare. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological profile of hepatitis B virus infection in individuals living in a rural settlement (Itamarati I) from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Initially a cross-sectional study was carried out. Then HBV susceptible individuals were vaccinated against HBV and their vaccine response were evaluated. Participants were recruited following a random selection of their families. All family member aged ≥ 2 years who agreed to take part into the study was recruited by signing an Informed Consent Form. Then, 10-ml-blood sample was taken for detecting HBV markers: HBsAg, anti-HBs and total anti-HBc by using commercial kits. HBsAg positive samples were retested for HBeAg and anti-Hbe markers. Hepatitis B vaccine was offered to all individuals who were identified as susceptible to infection, and quantitative detection of anti-HBs was measured after the third vaccine dose. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences – SPSS for Window 15.0 was used for processing and analyzing data. The present project was approved by the Ethics Committee from Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS. Of all participants, 54.4% were female. The majority (59.7%) were up to 40 years old, 62.7% were married and 78.3% self-declared white. Serological markers of HBV infection were identified in 110 settlers, resulting in an overall prevalence of 24.1% (95% CI: 20.4 to 28.2). Twelve subjects (2.6%) were HBsAg-positive. In 139 (30.5%) individuals were detected only anti-HBs, suggesting previous vaccination. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, social movements and sharing personal hygiene objects were independently associated to HBV. HBV DNA was found in four samples, being classified as genotypes D (3/4) and A (1/4). From those 207 individuals identified as susceptible to HBV infection, 84 received the first vaccine dose, but only 44 complied with the full vaccine regimen. In 28 of them (63.6%) vaccine response was evaluated, and 57.1% showed protective anti-HBs titers. The results of the present study show a high prevalence of hepatitis B in the settlers studied, compared to the urban population in the Midwest Region, and difficulties for vaccination against hepatitis B in this population. These findings ratify the need of the relationship between agricultural and health services and leaders of social movements of settlers for the creation and implementation of health strategies specific to this slice of rural Brazil.