Os impactos dos investimentos externos diretos (IEDs) sobre a (re)estruturação e estrangeirização do setor sucroenergético no Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Bunde, Altacir
• Orientador(a): Calaça, Manoel
• Banca de defesa: Calaça, Manoel , Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício, Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de, Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes, Oliveira, Ariovaldo Umbelino de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia (IESA)
• Departamento: Instituto de Estudos Socioambientais - IESA (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Investimento externo direto; Setor sucroenergético; (Re)estruturação; Estrangeirização; Imperialismo
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Foreignization; Imperialism; Direct foreign investment; (Re)structuration; Sugarcane sector
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7310

This research analyzes the impacts caused by direct foreign investments (DFI) in the (re)structuring and foreignization of the Brazilian sugarcane sector. Over the last years, Brazil has been the target of an international capital offensive, associated with and articulated by transnational companies, pension funds, bankers and landowners. With the global capitalist crisis of 2008, large groups and corporations pushed through Brazilian land, bringing about a (re)structuration of its sector by means of DFI. In face of this scenario, the aim of our research is to understand the formation process of the modern sugarcane sector in the country. After the globalization of capital and the deregulation of Brazilian economy, and, consequently, of its sugarcane sector, DFI arrived through F&As processes – causing a spatial reorganization, where mostly multinational companies are currently building networks, cooperation chains, and forming alliances with national partners, therefore rescuing the liberal thought. Their goal is to monopolize not only the market, but also production, in order to replace the levels of expansion and capital accumulation, thus appropriating the income earned from the land. DFI brought an impact in the relations of labor and production. Since the beginning of the 20th century, no other sector went through such rapid transformation as the Brazilian sugarcane sector, which raised the level of development in productive forces. Those transformations also had an impact in relations of both labor and production, its characteristics being new ways of expropriation, exploration and exclusion of worker(s). Such features are mostly noticed in foreign economic groups – and the speed of how those transformations happen are also noticed. In the current phase of development of the productive forces involving the Brazilian sugarcane sector, we notice that by means of technological processes, the monopolist’s economic groups are capable of making the fusion of the land and workforce exploration possible – such as in the case of the Raízen Group. By using technology in a combination between mechanics, electronics and information system, it has been possible to make the above-mentioned fusion, standardizing the rate of exploration of the human workforce, even though the factories that belong to the group are geographically spread one from the other. Concerning concentration, centralization and foreignization, these occur in a more accelerated way in the sugar trade because this product is a commodity. The process of centralization happened through the creation of the so-called joint venture. In both trade and distribution of ethanol, we notice a process of concentration and centralization, but with no prevalence of foreign capital. We also observed that in the sugarcane’s milling, there is a presence of about 30% of foreign groups. Even though there is not enough data, one notices that with the arrival of DFI, land ownership also underwent a process of foreignization. In face of all these elements it is possible to assert that capitalism has come into a new imperialist era, based on the globalization of the financial capital, the territorialization of monopolies, the monopolization of territories and in the construction of alliances (agreements).