Prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em cadetes da academia da força aérea brasileira

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Hilgenberg, Fernanda Elisabete
• Orientador(a): Cominetti, Cristiane
• Banca de defesa: Cominetti, Cristiane, Sousa, Ana Luiza Lima, Monego, Estelamaris Tronco, Peixoto, Maria do Rosário Gondim, Freitas, Ana Tereza Vaz de Souza
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Saúde (FANUT)
• Departamento: Faculdade de Nutrição - FANUT (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Fatores de risco; Adulto; Militares; Doenças cardiovasculares
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Risk factors; Adult; Military personnel; Cardiovascular diseases
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: NUTRICAO::ANALISE NUTRICIONAL DE POPULACAO
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3179

Modifications in contemporary lifestyles reflect negatively on the individuals’ health status and are associated with the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), and hence with the genesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, 31.3% of deaths in Brazil occur in consequence of CVD. It is observed that CVRF have been affecting the younger population, even the Brazilian military. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of some CVRF in cadets from the Brazilian Air Force Academy (AFA). It was a cross-sectional observational study that evaluated 166 cadets from the 1st to the 4th year of the AFA. Data collection was performed at the AFA’s Clinic of Nutrition from the Health Subdivision , with measures of anthropometric data: weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference and skinfold thickness. Blood was collected for lipid profile and serum glucose evaluation. Blood pressure was measured at rest. Three-day food records were collected and analyzed using the software Avanutri®. Lifestyle was assessed with a questionnaire which included physical activity and smoking habit data. The Pearson Chi-Square or Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the associations between CVRF, gender and the year of entrance at the AFA. The food consumption data were adjusted to the energy by the residual method. The significance level of 5% was adopted as standard. The study was submitted to the Ethics Committee of Federal University of Goias and approved under Protocol n°. 189/12. The sample was composed of 147 men and 19 women, mean (± SD) age of 21.5 ± 1.2 and 21.6 ± 0.9 years, respectively. It was verified that 29.7% of men and 16.7% of women were overweight or obese. The prevalence of hypertension among men was 15.2%. The lipid profile revealed that 50.7% of the cadets had hypercholesterolemia, 24.3% had elevated LDL-c and 11.2%, low HDL-c. There was a significant association between the time spent at AFA and low HDL-c. The prevalence of low HDL-c was statistically higher among the cadets from the 1st and 2nd years. Food consumption data showed that 58.7% of men and 50% of women had an intake above the daily requirement. There was a high prevalence of saturated fats (87.2%) and cholesterol (42.7%) intake in both genders. No cadet reached the recommendations for monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat intake and the inadequate intake of dietary fiber was reported in 92.7% of them. It was verified that the young military personnel are exposed to CVRF in a similar manner to young civilians. These results are relevant in order to create and install multidisciplinary approaches aiming at reducing the risk of CVD in the early stages of adulthood, thereby ensuring a better quality of life and reduction of cardiovascular health problems in the long term of the future officers of Brazilian Air Force.