Políticas públicas em assentamentos rurais: potencialidades e limitações do PAA e do PNAE em Mato Grosso

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Mendes, Mauricio Ferreira
• Orientador(a): Calaça, Manoel
• Banca de defesa: Calaça, Manoel, Puhl, João Ivo, Lunas, Divina Aparecida Leonel, Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício, Borges, Ronan Eustáquio
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia (IESA)
• Departamento: Instituto de Estudos Socioambientais - IESA (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Território; Assentamentos rurais; Agricultura camponesa; Soberania alimentar; Políticas públicas
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Territory; Rural settlements; Peasant agriculture; Food sovereignty; Public policy
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: GEOGRAFIA::GEOGRAFIA HUMANA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7847

The central problem is related to the non-implementation of public policies for the peasantry throughout the historical process and consequently an unjust and unequal land structure. However, with pressure of social movements, policies for the sector were institutionalized more consistently in Brazil from 2003. The objective was to discuss the potentialities and limitations of the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) for the Constitution and the strengthening of peasant territorialities in Mato Grosso, starting from the agribusiness territorial dispute with the peasantry, in view of the permanence in the land, food production and generation of income. For this, four main methodological procedures were adopted: 1) bibliographical and documentary research; 2) data collection; 3) elaboration of cartographic representation and; 4) analysis of primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected through semistructured interviews with researchers and / or peer leaders and peer leaders who accessed or accessed the public policies PAA and PNAE, between February and July 2016. Secondary data were obtained from the National Supply Company (Conab), the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA), the National Fund for the Development of Education (FNDE) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The theoretical-methodological basis built considers the territory a multidimensional concept, where the historical process is one of the central themes of analysis. These two policies are strategic, proving to be of fundamental importance for the inclusion and social reproduction of peasants, since the PAA and the PNAE. However, we affirm that the PAA is insufficient to meet the full demand of the state of Mato Grosso, since in many regions and rural settlements there is not even a single PAA project and there are numerous peasant organizations that are no longer served by the Program in 2016 due to lack Financial resources. It is therefore necessary to make progress in consolidating this policy, guaranteeing resources in the Union's budget and also putting people at risk of food insecurity into politics. The PNAE is strongly concentrated in the hands of large capitalist entrepreneurs, allied to state and municipal managers who lie decades of favoring economic groups of families of politicians. The purchase of school meals in several municipalities in Mato Grosso is marked by letters favoring large suppliers, which is a common practice in the State. There are mayors who are totally opposed to purchasing food from peasant agriculture via PNAE, including lobbying in Brasília, to change the law and favor the elite. The PAA and the PNAE present as differentiated public policies for the peasantry, implemented with the territorial approach, result of the struggles of the social movements and the peasants in their idealization. These policies affirm the strategic importance of peasant agriculture for the production of food for the Brazilian's table, strengthening peasant territorialities. The PAA and the PNAE present a political framework with focus on food security and income generation.