Epidemiologia da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B em indivíduos em tratamento hemodialítico no estado do Tocantins

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Martins, Bruno César Teodoro
• Orientador(a): Teles, Sheila Araújo
• Banca de defesa: Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos, Caetano, Karlla Antonieta Amorim
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (FEN)
• Departamento: Faculdade de Enfermagem - FEN (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Epidemiologia; Hepatite B; Hemodiálise; Enfermagem em nefrologia
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Epidemiology; Hepatitis B; Hemodialysis; Nursing in nephrology
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: ENFERMAGEM::ENFERMAGEM DE SAUDE PUBLICA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7160

Infection by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to be a significant problem in global public health, even being immunopreventable. Individuals receiving hemodialysis present an elevated risk for the acquisition of HBV due to a variety of factors, including immunosuppression and an elevated frequency of invasive procedures. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of infection by HBV among patients in hemodialysis in the State of Tocantins. This is an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study conducted in all hemodialysis services in the State of Tocantins. Data were obtained through interview and collection of a blood sample between October of 2014 and February 2015. All samples were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and total anti-HBc markers through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for the identification of possible risk factors for the exposure to HPV. A total of 394 individuals participated in the study. The majority were aged over 40 years (78.2%), male (58.6%), mixed race (58,6%), had a low level of education. The global prevalence for HBV was 34.56% (95% CI: 29.75-39.08), being 0.76% (95% CI: 0.26-2.21) for HBsAg, 30.20% (95% CI: 25.88-34.91) for anti-HBc and anti-HBs, and 3.30% (95% CI: 1.94-5.56) for isolated anti-HBc. Of the total of participants, 29.4% (95% CI: 25.16-34.12) presented positivity for isolated anti-HBs, and nearly all of them received three doses of the HBV vaccine. Only age over 55 years (PR: 1.84; p=0.022) and time and hemodialysis treatment (RP: 1.60; p=0.001) were predictors of exposure to HBV. The association between time in hemodialysis and HBV suggest the dialysis environment can promote viral exposure. The low frequency of sorological profile of immunization against Hepatitis B shows the necessity for greater vigilance of vaccination of individuals in hemodialysis in the state of Tocantins