Município: a escala da (des)ordem

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Dias, Wagner Alceu
• Orientador(a): Calaça, Manoel
• Banca de defesa: Calaça, Manoel, Barreira, Celene Cunha Monteiro Antunes, Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício, Melo, Sandro Cristiano de, Silva, Sílvio Simione da
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia (IESA)
• Departamento: Instituto de Estudos Socioambientais - IESA (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Município; Estado; Poder político; Federalismo; Território
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: City; State; Political power; Federalism; Territory
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6925

The city adequacy in geographical scale is fundamental to the presentation of emancipation as a local phenomenon. The expansion of local power through the creation of cities is always rooted in economical interest, but whnever it is observed through different scales, it becomes stability for the political powers. Thus, a phenomenon leads to another. It is this dicussion that we aim to develop pointing out the limits of (dis)order, using the three federal spheres. In order to attain such aim, this research is organized in four chapters divided in itens and subitens, with complimentary objectives about the way the cities are historically created and considered by the Brazilian constitution. As a result, there was a combination of the three federal spheres, with an outstanding expression of the relation city/state, to discuss the conditions of the cities and their affinity with the path of the political state power. Being sure that the state influences strongly the cities, we wonder if the opposite is also true. The answer was constructed step by step by reference to primary sources obtained in field service conducted in 19 cities of Goiás State. After becoming informed of the process of emancipation of some cities, it was possible to verify that power disputes, resulting from public management policies, do not follow local population demands, but the interests of the dominant classes instead. By means of several empirical and theoretical sources, it was possible to understand that historically the creation of cities represented a political move with the aim of strengthening the control over territories. Public services installed by cities, legitimated by emancipation, confirms and empowers the discourse of regional integration co-opting individuals to the idea of the presence of state. By one hand, there is the presence of the federal and state governments in the city, which is plainly a trait of federalism, and clearly demonstrates that the emancipation of districts represents the process of decentralization by the channeling of financial funds, making the territorial management more efficient. By the other hand, there is a partially contrasting reality in relation to the economical, administrative and political autonomy. About 47% of the cities in Goiás have population rates under 5000 inhabitants. According to experts, this reality indicates imprudence in the concession of city creation, as the expenses with the legislative power accounts for more than half the funds provided by the state and federal governments, which leaves public services to second plan in the list of priorities when it comes to emancipation. In other words, the creation of cities, specially the smallest ones, is more relevant in the formation of local elites and strengthening of state and federal spheres, than the very improvement of life quality for the local population. It is clear that the discourse of emancipation claims presents social imperative, contaminating a population deprived of public services. Consequently, such population passively reproduces the discourse and legitimates the emancipation claims. Certainly, the theme of city creation does not restrict the focus of this study, although neglecting it would mean concealing the correlation of powers that support the Brazilian federalism. This study was developed with the concern of gathering information that makes possible, when systematized, to state plainfully that, since the imperial period, the cities worked as instruments of power maintenance and that by situating locally under the constraints of political action makes a true (dis)order real.