Elementos da infraestrutura verde e a promoção de serviços ecossistêmicos na cidade de João Pessoa/PB

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Martins, Mateus José Cézar
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Gerenciamento Ambiental; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Cidades sustentáveis; Áreas verdes urbanas; Microclima; Sustainable cities; Urban green areas; Microclimate; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22620

The urbanization process is still quite intense in the world, taking place without proper planning and with the predominant use of gray infrastructure. The Latin American model of urban expansion adopted has provided the degradation of urban green spaces and, consequently, has reduced the provision of Ecosystem Services (ES). This has generated a series of socioenvironmental and economic damages to cities, compromising the quality of life of the local population. Given this scenario, it is essential to invest in urban planning aimed at the adequate provision of ES, through the conservation of spaces that promote or can promote these services, including the elements that make up the urban Green Infrastructure (GI). This investment in elements that make up the GI, such as parks and squares, does not only consist in expanding the number of elements present in the city, but mainly in getting to know the existing spaces and verifying whether they promote ES and, from that, make the society know, value and conserve these spaces. It is in this context that this research arises, whose main objective is to analyze the relationship between urban public spaces in the city of João Pessoa/PB, characterized as elements that integrate green infrastructure, and ecosystem services. The methodology initially consists of a bibliographical and documental review, followed by an in loco identification for geographic characterization of the study areas: Parque Sólon de Lucena; Parahyba I Linear Park and Praça da Paz. Subsequently, the ES selected by the survey for monitoring: regulation service (microclimatic regulation), provision service (food and medicinal plants) and cultural services (leisure and recreation, physical exercise and educational activities) were identified in these spaces, through systematic monitoring and onsite observation with field activities. The results showed the promotion of the ES of microclimatic regulation in the study areas, especially at night, with the formation of islands of freshness in spaces with green infrastructure. It was also verified the presence of fruit species and medicinal use, showing the potential of the areas for the promotion of ES provision. Another ecosystem service identified in areas with green infrastructure was cultural, as such areas are used by the population for cultural activities of leisure and recreation, education and physical exercise. Finally, some possible measures for the conservation of the areas and the ES were suggested, highlighting the importance of valuing and conserving the existing spaces that promote these services, seeking to expand the amount of elements that make up the GI in the city of João Pessoa/PB and the connection between these elements. It is concluded that the investigated areas offer ES and that further studies should be carried out for a broader analysis of ES promotion in other areas of the capital of Paraíba.