Monitoramento da nutrição de pequenos ruminantes na caatinga cearense, utilizando a espectroscopia NIR
Ano de defesa: | 2018 |
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Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | por |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Brasil Zootecnia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia UFPB |
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Não Informado pela instituição
|
Departamento: |
Não Informado pela instituição
|
País: |
Não Informado pela instituição
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Link de acesso: | https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14260 |
Resumo: | Brazil has great potential for pasture farming, due to the territorial expansion and the diversity of vegetation. Therefore, it is necessary to know the quality of the selected diet and the consumption by small ruminants in grazing to make the correction of the feed and thus improve the productive indexes. The objective of this study was to develop models with the NIRS technique, so that they can be used to monitor the quality of the diet of small ruminants in the pasture of caatinga. The nutrient intake and digestibility, as well as the pasture evaluation, were also evaluated in the different strata over the evaluated periods. The experiment was conducted at the Família Agrícola Dom Fragoso School, in Independência, CE, in an area of 35 ha of pasture of caatinga, where an evaluation of pasture, diet quality and consumption of goats and sheep was carried out in May 2014 to April 2015. For the evaluation of the botanical composition, phytosociological parameters, soil and plant cover, forage mass, definitions of visual patterns and evaluation of the bromatological composition of the different strata, the experimental area was divided into transects, totaling 246 evaluated points. It was identified 81 species, distributed in 32 families, showing the diversity of plants present in the area. The climatic conditions, mainly related to rainfall distribution, in the different periods and strata evaluated affected the availability of forage mass, soil and plant cover, frequency of forage species of the herbaceous stratum, as well as the nutritional value of the pasture, obtaining better results in the rainy period. The indices for monitoring the native pasture of caatinga bring relevant information from the pasture area and, thus, constitute a tool that contributes to the better management of the forage resources. To determine the bromatological composition of the selected diet and the consumption of small ruminants, five goats and five sheep were used fistulated in the rumen, where the extrusa was collected, for six days, monthly, throughout the experimental period. Fecal collection bags were used to collect fecal samples, and the dry matter intake was obtained by the ratio between fecal production during a 24 hour period and the inverse of the in vitro digestibility of the dry matter of the extrusa. From the dry matter consumption the other nutrients were calculated, multiplying the amount of dry matter consumed by the percentage of each of the nutrients of the extrusa. The quality of the goats and sheep diet was affected by the evaluated period, which reflected in nutrient consumption and digestibility. The dry matter intake xvii influenced the consumption of other nutrients in both species, goats and sheep, and periods. The in vitro digestibility of the dry matter and in vitro digestibility of the organic matter of the sheep diet were superior to the goats, but they were able to maintain the body weight. The high levels of crude protein in the diet of goats and sheep in the rainy season are linked in part to the fraction of acid detergent fiber, leaving it unavailable to the animal. The Perten® NIR equipment DA 7250 was used to collect spectra of fresh and dry feces samples without grinding, which makes a reading in the spectral range from 950 to 1650 nm, with a spectral range of 5 nm. In order to obtain spectra of pre-dried and milled samples, two different models of NIR devices, Perten® DA 7250 and FOSS® 5000 NIR were used, with a reading in a range of 1100 to 2500 nm in the near infrared region and resolution of 2 nm. 711 samples of feces were scanned, 336 samples of goats and 375 of sheep, where models were developed with composite and individual samples, using different mathematical treatments, exploratory analysis and the use of PLS regression for the calibration models, validation and prediction of the parameters of crude protein (CP) and in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDMO), with fecal samples in different processes. NIR spectroscopy, combined with chemometrics techniques, allowed the construction of calibration, validation and prediction models able of quantifying the parameters of CP and IVDMO of the diet of goats and sheep on grazing in the caatinga, with precision and accuracy, and the models with individual samples present greater prediction and precision errors than models with composite samples. The use of PCA and SIMCA showed that it would be possible to include both species, sheep and goats, periods (rainy, rainy/dry transition, dry, dry/rainy transition) and variation of PB and IVDMO parameters in the development of a global model. The types of processing of the samples generated different spectra and showed that the drying and grinding procedures can improve the performance of the models, as well as the use of the tool of selection of the wavelengths of more important waves. The NIRS technology can be used as a tool to monitor the diet of small ruminants in caatinga rangeland. |
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Monitoramento da nutrição de pequenos ruminantes na caatinga cearense, utilizando a espectroscopia NIRAnálise multivariadaCaprinosMassa de forragemOvinosCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMALBrazil has great potential for pasture farming, due to the territorial expansion and the diversity of vegetation. Therefore, it is necessary to know the quality of the selected diet and the consumption by small ruminants in grazing to make the correction of the feed and thus improve the productive indexes. The objective of this study was to develop models with the NIRS technique, so that they can be used to monitor the quality of the diet of small ruminants in the pasture of caatinga. The nutrient intake and digestibility, as well as the pasture evaluation, were also evaluated in the different strata over the evaluated periods. The experiment was conducted at the Família Agrícola Dom Fragoso School, in Independência, CE, in an area of 35 ha of pasture of caatinga, where an evaluation of pasture, diet quality and consumption of goats and sheep was carried out in May 2014 to April 2015. For the evaluation of the botanical composition, phytosociological parameters, soil and plant cover, forage mass, definitions of visual patterns and evaluation of the bromatological composition of the different strata, the experimental area was divided into transects, totaling 246 evaluated points. It was identified 81 species, distributed in 32 families, showing the diversity of plants present in the area. The climatic conditions, mainly related to rainfall distribution, in the different periods and strata evaluated affected the availability of forage mass, soil and plant cover, frequency of forage species of the herbaceous stratum, as well as the nutritional value of the pasture, obtaining better results in the rainy period. The indices for monitoring the native pasture of caatinga bring relevant information from the pasture area and, thus, constitute a tool that contributes to the better management of the forage resources. To determine the bromatological composition of the selected diet and the consumption of small ruminants, five goats and five sheep were used fistulated in the rumen, where the extrusa was collected, for six days, monthly, throughout the experimental period. Fecal collection bags were used to collect fecal samples, and the dry matter intake was obtained by the ratio between fecal production during a 24 hour period and the inverse of the in vitro digestibility of the dry matter of the extrusa. From the dry matter consumption the other nutrients were calculated, multiplying the amount of dry matter consumed by the percentage of each of the nutrients of the extrusa. The quality of the goats and sheep diet was affected by the evaluated period, which reflected in nutrient consumption and digestibility. The dry matter intake xvii influenced the consumption of other nutrients in both species, goats and sheep, and periods. The in vitro digestibility of the dry matter and in vitro digestibility of the organic matter of the sheep diet were superior to the goats, but they were able to maintain the body weight. The high levels of crude protein in the diet of goats and sheep in the rainy season are linked in part to the fraction of acid detergent fiber, leaving it unavailable to the animal. The Perten® NIR equipment DA 7250 was used to collect spectra of fresh and dry feces samples without grinding, which makes a reading in the spectral range from 950 to 1650 nm, with a spectral range of 5 nm. In order to obtain spectra of pre-dried and milled samples, two different models of NIR devices, Perten® DA 7250 and FOSS® 5000 NIR were used, with a reading in a range of 1100 to 2500 nm in the near infrared region and resolution of 2 nm. 711 samples of feces were scanned, 336 samples of goats and 375 of sheep, where models were developed with composite and individual samples, using different mathematical treatments, exploratory analysis and the use of PLS regression for the calibration models, validation and prediction of the parameters of crude protein (CP) and in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDMO), with fecal samples in different processes. NIR spectroscopy, combined with chemometrics techniques, allowed the construction of calibration, validation and prediction models able of quantifying the parameters of CP and IVDMO of the diet of goats and sheep on grazing in the caatinga, with precision and accuracy, and the models with individual samples present greater prediction and precision errors than models with composite samples. The use of PCA and SIMCA showed that it would be possible to include both species, sheep and goats, periods (rainy, rainy/dry transition, dry, dry/rainy transition) and variation of PB and IVDMO parameters in the development of a global model. The types of processing of the samples generated different spectra and showed that the drying and grinding procedures can improve the performance of the models, as well as the use of the tool of selection of the wavelengths of more important waves. The NIRS technology can be used as a tool to monitor the diet of small ruminants in caatinga rangeland.O Brasil apresenta grande potencial para a atividade pecuária a pasto, em razão da expansão territorial e da diversidade da vegetação. Portanto, é necessário conhecer a qualidade da dieta selecionada e o consumo por pequenos ruminantes em pastejo para fazer a correção da alimentação e assim melhorar os índices produtivos. Objetivou-se com este estudo desenvolver modelos com a técnica NIRS, para que os mesmos sejam usados no monitoramento da qualidade da dieta de pequenos ruminantes, em pasto de caatinga. Foram avaliados também o consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes, bem como a avaliação do pasto, nos diferentes estratos, ao longo dos períodos avaliados. O experimento foi conduzido na Escola Família Agrícola Dom Fragoso, em Independência - CE, em uma área de 35 ha de pasto de caatinga, onde foi feito uma avaliação do pasto, qualidade da dieta e o consumo de caprinos e ovinos, no período de maio de 2014 a abril de 2015. Para avaliação da composição botânica, parâmetros fitossociológicos, cobertura do solo e vegetal, massa de forragem, definições de padrões visuais e avaliação da composição bromatológica dos diferentes estratos, a área experimental foi dividida em transectos, totalizando 246 pontos avaliados. Foram identificadas 81 espécies, distribuídas em 32 famílias, mostrando a diversidade de plantas presentes na área. As condições climáticas, relacionadas principalmente com a distribuição das chuvas, nos diferentes períodos e estratos avaliados afetaram a disponibilidade de massa de forragem, cobertura do solo e vegetal, frequência de espécies forrageiras do estrato herbáceo, bem como o valor nutricional do pasto, obtendo melhores resultados no período chuvoso. Os índices para monitoramento da pastagem nativa de caatinga trazem informações relevantes da área de pastagem e assim, constituem uma ferramenta que contribui com o melhor gerenciamento dos recursos forrageiros. Para determinação da composição bromatológica da dieta selecionada e o consumo de pequenos ruminantes, foram utilizados cinco caprinos e cinco ovinos fistulados no rúmen, onde foi realizada a coleta de extrusa, durante seis dias, mensalmente, por todo o período experimental. Para coleta das amostras fecais foram utilizadas bolsas coletoras de fezes, sendo o consumo de matéria seca obtido pela razão entre a produção fecal durante um período de 24 horas e o inverso da digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca da extrusa. A partir do consumo de matéria seca foram calculados os demais nutrientes, multiplicando a quantidade de matéria seca xv consumida pelo percentual de cada um dos nutrientes da extrusa. A qualidade da dieta de caprinos e ovinos foi afetada pelo período avaliado, o qual refletiu no consumo de nutrientes e na digestibilidade. O consumo de matéria seca influenciou o consumo dos demais nutrientes em ambas as espécies, caprinos e ovinos, e períodos. A digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica da dieta dos ovinos foram superiores aos caprinos, porém os mesmos conseguiram manter o peso corporal. Os altos teores de proteína bruta na dieta de caprinos e ovinos na época chuvosa estão ligados em parte à fração da fibra em detergente ácido, deixando a mesma indisponível para o animal. Para a coleta dos espectros das amostras de fezes frescas e secas sem moer foi utilizado o equipamento NIR Perten® DA 7250, o qual faz uma leitura na faixa espectral de 950 a 1650 nm, com intervalo espectral de 5 nm. Já na obtenção dos espectros das amostras pré-secas e moídas, foram utilizados dois modelos diferentes de aparelhos NIR, Perten® DA 7250 e o NIR FOSS© 5000, com leitura numa faixa de 1100 a 2500 nm na região do infravermelho próximo e resolução de 2 nm. Foram escaneadas 711 amostras de fezes, sendo 336 amostras de caprinos e 375 de ovinos, onde se desenvolveu modelos com amostras compostas e individuais, com o uso de diferentes tratamentos matemáticos, análise exploratória e o uso de regressão da PLS para os modelos de calibração, validação e predição dos parâmetros de proteína bruta (PB) e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica (DIVMO), com amostras de fezes em diferentes processamentos. A espectroscopia NIR, associada às técnicas de quimiometria, permitiu a construção de modelos de calibração, validação e predição capazes de quantificarem os parâmetros de PB e DIVMO da dieta de caprinos e ovinos em pastejo na caatinga, com precisão e exatidão, sendo que os modelos com amostras individuais apresentam maiores erros de previsão e precisão em relação aos modelos com amostras compostas. O uso da PCA e SIMCA mostrou que seria possível incluir ambas as espécies, ovinos e caprinos, períodos (chuvoso, transição chuva/seca, seco, transição seca/chuva) e a variação dos parâmetros de PB e DIVMO no desenvolvimento de um modelo global. Os tipos de processamento das amostras geraram espectros diferentes e mostraram que os procedimentos de secagem e moagem podem melhorar o desempenho dos modelos, assim como o uso da ferramenta de seleção dos comprimentos de ondas mais importantes. A tecnologia NIRS pode ser utilizada como ferramenta para o monitoramento da dieta de pequenos ruminantes em pasto de caatinga.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilZootecniaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em ZootecniaUFPBMedeiros, Ariosvaldo Nunes dehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4791726A9Bomfim, Marco Aurélio Delmondeshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4769115D0Cândido, Magno José Duartehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4707344E6Gonçalves, Juliete de Lima2019-05-15T10:34:54Z2019-03-132019-05-15T10:34:54Z2018-02-28info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesishttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14260porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2019-05-16T06:04:31Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/14260Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2019-05-16T06:04:31Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Monitoramento da nutrição de pequenos ruminantes na caatinga cearense, utilizando a espectroscopia NIR |
title |
Monitoramento da nutrição de pequenos ruminantes na caatinga cearense, utilizando a espectroscopia NIR |
spellingShingle |
Monitoramento da nutrição de pequenos ruminantes na caatinga cearense, utilizando a espectroscopia NIR Gonçalves, Juliete de Lima Análise multivariada Caprinos Massa de forragem Ovinos CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMAL |
title_short |
Monitoramento da nutrição de pequenos ruminantes na caatinga cearense, utilizando a espectroscopia NIR |
title_full |
Monitoramento da nutrição de pequenos ruminantes na caatinga cearense, utilizando a espectroscopia NIR |
title_fullStr |
Monitoramento da nutrição de pequenos ruminantes na caatinga cearense, utilizando a espectroscopia NIR |
title_full_unstemmed |
Monitoramento da nutrição de pequenos ruminantes na caatinga cearense, utilizando a espectroscopia NIR |
title_sort |
Monitoramento da nutrição de pequenos ruminantes na caatinga cearense, utilizando a espectroscopia NIR |
author |
Gonçalves, Juliete de Lima |
author_facet |
Gonçalves, Juliete de Lima |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Medeiros, Ariosvaldo Nunes de http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4791726A9 Bomfim, Marco Aurélio Delmondes http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4769115D0 Cândido, Magno José Duarte http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4707344E6 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Gonçalves, Juliete de Lima |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Análise multivariada Caprinos Massa de forragem Ovinos CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMAL |
topic |
Análise multivariada Caprinos Massa de forragem Ovinos CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::NUTRICAO E ALIMENTACAO ANIMAL |
description |
Brazil has great potential for pasture farming, due to the territorial expansion and the diversity of vegetation. Therefore, it is necessary to know the quality of the selected diet and the consumption by small ruminants in grazing to make the correction of the feed and thus improve the productive indexes. The objective of this study was to develop models with the NIRS technique, so that they can be used to monitor the quality of the diet of small ruminants in the pasture of caatinga. The nutrient intake and digestibility, as well as the pasture evaluation, were also evaluated in the different strata over the evaluated periods. The experiment was conducted at the Família Agrícola Dom Fragoso School, in Independência, CE, in an area of 35 ha of pasture of caatinga, where an evaluation of pasture, diet quality and consumption of goats and sheep was carried out in May 2014 to April 2015. For the evaluation of the botanical composition, phytosociological parameters, soil and plant cover, forage mass, definitions of visual patterns and evaluation of the bromatological composition of the different strata, the experimental area was divided into transects, totaling 246 evaluated points. It was identified 81 species, distributed in 32 families, showing the diversity of plants present in the area. The climatic conditions, mainly related to rainfall distribution, in the different periods and strata evaluated affected the availability of forage mass, soil and plant cover, frequency of forage species of the herbaceous stratum, as well as the nutritional value of the pasture, obtaining better results in the rainy period. The indices for monitoring the native pasture of caatinga bring relevant information from the pasture area and, thus, constitute a tool that contributes to the better management of the forage resources. To determine the bromatological composition of the selected diet and the consumption of small ruminants, five goats and five sheep were used fistulated in the rumen, where the extrusa was collected, for six days, monthly, throughout the experimental period. Fecal collection bags were used to collect fecal samples, and the dry matter intake was obtained by the ratio between fecal production during a 24 hour period and the inverse of the in vitro digestibility of the dry matter of the extrusa. From the dry matter consumption the other nutrients were calculated, multiplying the amount of dry matter consumed by the percentage of each of the nutrients of the extrusa. The quality of the goats and sheep diet was affected by the evaluated period, which reflected in nutrient consumption and digestibility. The dry matter intake xvii influenced the consumption of other nutrients in both species, goats and sheep, and periods. The in vitro digestibility of the dry matter and in vitro digestibility of the organic matter of the sheep diet were superior to the goats, but they were able to maintain the body weight. The high levels of crude protein in the diet of goats and sheep in the rainy season are linked in part to the fraction of acid detergent fiber, leaving it unavailable to the animal. The Perten® NIR equipment DA 7250 was used to collect spectra of fresh and dry feces samples without grinding, which makes a reading in the spectral range from 950 to 1650 nm, with a spectral range of 5 nm. In order to obtain spectra of pre-dried and milled samples, two different models of NIR devices, Perten® DA 7250 and FOSS® 5000 NIR were used, with a reading in a range of 1100 to 2500 nm in the near infrared region and resolution of 2 nm. 711 samples of feces were scanned, 336 samples of goats and 375 of sheep, where models were developed with composite and individual samples, using different mathematical treatments, exploratory analysis and the use of PLS regression for the calibration models, validation and prediction of the parameters of crude protein (CP) and in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDMO), with fecal samples in different processes. NIR spectroscopy, combined with chemometrics techniques, allowed the construction of calibration, validation and prediction models able of quantifying the parameters of CP and IVDMO of the diet of goats and sheep on grazing in the caatinga, with precision and accuracy, and the models with individual samples present greater prediction and precision errors than models with composite samples. The use of PCA and SIMCA showed that it would be possible to include both species, sheep and goats, periods (rainy, rainy/dry transition, dry, dry/rainy transition) and variation of PB and IVDMO parameters in the development of a global model. The types of processing of the samples generated different spectra and showed that the drying and grinding procedures can improve the performance of the models, as well as the use of the tool of selection of the wavelengths of more important waves. The NIRS technology can be used as a tool to monitor the diet of small ruminants in caatinga rangeland. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-02-28 2019-05-15T10:34:54Z 2019-03-13 2019-05-15T10:34:54Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14260 |
url |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14260 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Zootecnia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia UFPB |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Zootecnia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia UFPB |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB instname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) instacron:UFPB |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
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UFPB |
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UFPB |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
diretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.br |
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1797057850682376192 |