A theory of power in software ecosystems formed by small-to-medium enterprises
Ano de defesa: | 2016 |
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Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | eng |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
|
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencia da Computacao
|
Departamento: |
Não Informado pela instituição
|
País: |
Brasil
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Link de acesso: | https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18359 |
Resumo: | Context: the emergence of software ecosystems has changed the dynamics of software industry in the last decade. An ecosystem consists of a set of businesses functioning as a unit and interacting with a shared market for software and services, together with the relationships involving them. Software ecosystems originate in partnerships among software companies as a strategy to acquire complementary skills and features, obtain new customers, as well as divide R&D costs. In this setting, partner companies rely on each other for survival and effectiveness, which generates a network of dependent actors and a flow of power among them. Aims: the goal of this research is to develop a substantive theory to explain how power and dependence manifest in partnerships among small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) building a software ecosystem. This result enables us to describe the dynamics of partnerships in this environment, since power is a base atomic particle of relationships. Method: we performed two exploratory case studies of software ecosystems formed by SMEs. We collected rich qualitative data from eight software companies by means of twenty-seven semi-structured interviews. In addition, we considered companies’ internal documents, field notes and web-based data. Thematic analysis was adopted to organise and describe the data set. The results were interpreted in light of a theoretical framework underpinned by French and Raven’s power taxonomy and later refined in six confirmatory interviews with the companies. Finally, we performed a cross-case analysis to synthesise our findings and build the theory. Results: the resultant theory, called PRM-SECO, highlights the interactions among different power forms in addition to their correspondent source(s) in the software ecosystem. It reveals that (1) power is fluid in a software ecosystem formed by SMEs; (2) pool of customers and skill/knowledge are the most frequent power sources; (3) expert power is the fundamental power form that triggers most power capabilities held by SMEs; (4) reward power attaches the partner and is often exercised by SMEs; (5) coercive power disturbs the partnerships and is rarely exercised by SMEs; (6) referent power tends to supersede other power forms and is rarely held by SMEs; and (7) legitimate power is the most frequent power form exercised by SMEs. Conclusion: this theory provides a better understanding on how power and dependence influence the behaviour and coordination of companies within a software ecosystem. The particular focus on SMEs complements the state-of-art, since most research in the field concerns mature ecosystems governed by big players such as SAP and Apple. It is a useful lens for researchers to explore ecosystem partnerships. In addition, it is a valuable tool for companies to analyse power distribution, have insights on how to evolve their participation in the network and define sustainable strategies for ecosystem governance. |
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SANTOS, George Augusto Valençahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8525564952779211http://lattes.cnpq.br/7752481318432762ALVES, Carina Frota2017-02-23T12:19:21Z2017-02-23T12:19:21Z2016-08-26https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18359Context: the emergence of software ecosystems has changed the dynamics of software industry in the last decade. An ecosystem consists of a set of businesses functioning as a unit and interacting with a shared market for software and services, together with the relationships involving them. Software ecosystems originate in partnerships among software companies as a strategy to acquire complementary skills and features, obtain new customers, as well as divide R&D costs. In this setting, partner companies rely on each other for survival and effectiveness, which generates a network of dependent actors and a flow of power among them. Aims: the goal of this research is to develop a substantive theory to explain how power and dependence manifest in partnerships among small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) building a software ecosystem. This result enables us to describe the dynamics of partnerships in this environment, since power is a base atomic particle of relationships. Method: we performed two exploratory case studies of software ecosystems formed by SMEs. We collected rich qualitative data from eight software companies by means of twenty-seven semi-structured interviews. In addition, we considered companies’ internal documents, field notes and web-based data. Thematic analysis was adopted to organise and describe the data set. The results were interpreted in light of a theoretical framework underpinned by French and Raven’s power taxonomy and later refined in six confirmatory interviews with the companies. Finally, we performed a cross-case analysis to synthesise our findings and build the theory. Results: the resultant theory, called PRM-SECO, highlights the interactions among different power forms in addition to their correspondent source(s) in the software ecosystem. It reveals that (1) power is fluid in a software ecosystem formed by SMEs; (2) pool of customers and skill/knowledge are the most frequent power sources; (3) expert power is the fundamental power form that triggers most power capabilities held by SMEs; (4) reward power attaches the partner and is often exercised by SMEs; (5) coercive power disturbs the partnerships and is rarely exercised by SMEs; (6) referent power tends to supersede other power forms and is rarely held by SMEs; and (7) legitimate power is the most frequent power form exercised by SMEs. Conclusion: this theory provides a better understanding on how power and dependence influence the behaviour and coordination of companies within a software ecosystem. The particular focus on SMEs complements the state-of-art, since most research in the field concerns mature ecosystems governed by big players such as SAP and Apple. It is a useful lens for researchers to explore ecosystem partnerships. In addition, it is a valuable tool for companies to analyse power distribution, have insights on how to evolve their participation in the network and define sustainable strategies for ecosystem governance.Contexto: o surgimento de ecossistemas de software tem mudado a dinâmica da indústria de software na última década. Um ecossistema consiste em um conjunto de empresas que funcionam como uma unidade e interagem com um mercado compartilhado de software e serviços, junto com os relacionamentos que as envolvem. Ecossistemas de software têm origem nas parcerias entre empresas de software como uma estratégia para adquirir competências e funcionalidades complementares, obter novos clientes, bem como dividir custos de P&D. Neste cenário, as empresas parceiras dependem umas das outras para sobrevivência e efetividade, o que gera uma rede de atores dependentes e um fluxo de poder entre eles. Objetivos: o objetivo desta pesquisa é desenvolver uma teoria substantiva para explicar como poder e dependência se manifestam em parcerias entre pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) construindo um ecossistema de software. Este resultado nos permite descrever a dinâmica das parcerias neste ambiente, uma vez que poder é uma partícula atômica de base dos relacionamentos. Método: nós realizamos dois estudos de caso exploratórios de ecossistemas de software formados por PMEs. Nós coletamos dados qualitativos ricos de oito empresas de software por meio de vinte e sete entrevistas semiestruturadas. Além disso, nós consideramos documentos internos das empresas, notas de campo e dados da web. Análise temática foi adotada para organizar e descrever o conjunto de dados. Os resultados foram interpretados à luz de um quadro teórico apoiado pela taxonomia de poder de French e Raven, e posteriormente refinados em seis entrevistas de confirmação com as empresas. Por fim, nós realizamos um processo de cruzamento de casos para sintetizar nossos resultados e construir a teoria. Resultados: a teoria resultante, denominada PRM-SECO, destaca as interações entre diferentes formas de poder, além da correspondente(s) fonte(s) no ecossistema de software. Ela revela que (1) o poder é fluido em um ecossistema de software formado por PMEs; (2) base de clientes e competências/conhecimento são as fontes de poder mais frequentemente usadas pelas PMEs; (3) poder do conhecimento é a forma de poder fundamental, que gera a maioria das capacidades de poder que as PMEs possuem; (4) poder de recompensa aproxima o parceiro e muitas vezes é exercido pelas PMEs; (5) poder coercitivo perturba as parcerias e raramente é exercido pelas PMEs; (6) poder de referência tende a suplantar outras formas de poder e raramente é detido pelas PMEs; e (7) poder legítimo é a forma de poder mais frequentemente exercida pelas PMEs. Conclusão: esta teoria oferece uma melhor compreensão sobre como poder e dependência influenciam o comportamento e coordenação de empresas em um ecossistema de software. O foco particular em PMEs complementa o estado-da-arte, uma vez que a maioria das pesquisas na área diz respeito a ecossistemas governados por grandes atores, tais como SAP e Apple. É uma lente útil para que pesquisadores explorem parcerias em ecossistemas. Além disso, é uma ferramenta valiosa para as empresas analisarem a distribuição de poder, terem ideias sobre como evoluir a sua participação na rede e definirem estratégias sustentáveis para a governança do ecossistema.engUniversidade Federal de PernambucoPrograma de Pos Graduacao em Ciencia da ComputacaoUFPEBrasilAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessEcossistema de softwareParceriasPMEPoderDependênciaEstudo de caso múltiploAnálise cross-caseSoftware EcosystemPartnershipsSMEPowerDependenceMultiple Case StudyCross-case analysisA theory of power in software ecosystems formed by small-to-medium enterprisesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisdoutoradoreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPEinstname:Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE)instacron:UFPETHUMBNAILA Theory of Power in Software Ecosystems formed by Small to Medium Enterprises _ GeorgeValença.pdf.jpgA Theory of Power in Software Ecosystems formed by Small to Medium Enterprises _ GeorgeValença.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg1315https://repositorio.ufpe.br/bitstream/123456789/18359/5/A%20Theory%20of%20Power%20in%20Software%20Ecosystems%20formed%20by%20Small%20to%20Medium%20Enterprises%20_%20GeorgeValen%c3%a7a.pdf.jpgbeee161d039a8a58927bde9a64fa549bMD55ORIGINALA Theory of Power in Software Ecosystems formed by Small to Medium Enterprises _ GeorgeValença.pdfA Theory of Power in Software Ecosystems formed by Small to Medium Enterprises _ GeorgeValença.pdfapplication/pdf3429187https://repositorio.ufpe.br/bitstream/123456789/18359/1/A%20Theory%20of%20Power%20in%20Software%20Ecosystems%20formed%20by%20Small%20to%20Medium%20Enterprises%20_%20GeorgeValen%c3%a7a.pdf8f170a2be6f42b4cf8f070f5f7ebd7b5MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; 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dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
A theory of power in software ecosystems formed by small-to-medium enterprises |
title |
A theory of power in software ecosystems formed by small-to-medium enterprises |
spellingShingle |
A theory of power in software ecosystems formed by small-to-medium enterprises SANTOS, George Augusto Valença Ecossistema de software Parcerias PME Poder Dependência Estudo de caso múltiplo Análise cross-case Software Ecosystem Partnerships SME Power Dependence Multiple Case Study Cross-case analysis |
title_short |
A theory of power in software ecosystems formed by small-to-medium enterprises |
title_full |
A theory of power in software ecosystems formed by small-to-medium enterprises |
title_fullStr |
A theory of power in software ecosystems formed by small-to-medium enterprises |
title_full_unstemmed |
A theory of power in software ecosystems formed by small-to-medium enterprises |
title_sort |
A theory of power in software ecosystems formed by small-to-medium enterprises |
author |
SANTOS, George Augusto Valença |
author_facet |
SANTOS, George Augusto Valença |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8525564952779211 |
dc.contributor.advisorLattes.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7752481318432762 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
SANTOS, George Augusto Valença |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
ALVES, Carina Frota |
contributor_str_mv |
ALVES, Carina Frota |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Ecossistema de software Parcerias PME Poder Dependência Estudo de caso múltiplo Análise cross-case Software Ecosystem Partnerships SME Power Dependence Multiple Case Study Cross-case analysis |
topic |
Ecossistema de software Parcerias PME Poder Dependência Estudo de caso múltiplo Análise cross-case Software Ecosystem Partnerships SME Power Dependence Multiple Case Study Cross-case analysis |
description |
Context: the emergence of software ecosystems has changed the dynamics of software industry in the last decade. An ecosystem consists of a set of businesses functioning as a unit and interacting with a shared market for software and services, together with the relationships involving them. Software ecosystems originate in partnerships among software companies as a strategy to acquire complementary skills and features, obtain new customers, as well as divide R&D costs. In this setting, partner companies rely on each other for survival and effectiveness, which generates a network of dependent actors and a flow of power among them. Aims: the goal of this research is to develop a substantive theory to explain how power and dependence manifest in partnerships among small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) building a software ecosystem. This result enables us to describe the dynamics of partnerships in this environment, since power is a base atomic particle of relationships. Method: we performed two exploratory case studies of software ecosystems formed by SMEs. We collected rich qualitative data from eight software companies by means of twenty-seven semi-structured interviews. In addition, we considered companies’ internal documents, field notes and web-based data. Thematic analysis was adopted to organise and describe the data set. The results were interpreted in light of a theoretical framework underpinned by French and Raven’s power taxonomy and later refined in six confirmatory interviews with the companies. Finally, we performed a cross-case analysis to synthesise our findings and build the theory. Results: the resultant theory, called PRM-SECO, highlights the interactions among different power forms in addition to their correspondent source(s) in the software ecosystem. It reveals that (1) power is fluid in a software ecosystem formed by SMEs; (2) pool of customers and skill/knowledge are the most frequent power sources; (3) expert power is the fundamental power form that triggers most power capabilities held by SMEs; (4) reward power attaches the partner and is often exercised by SMEs; (5) coercive power disturbs the partnerships and is rarely exercised by SMEs; (6) referent power tends to supersede other power forms and is rarely held by SMEs; and (7) legitimate power is the most frequent power form exercised by SMEs. Conclusion: this theory provides a better understanding on how power and dependence influence the behaviour and coordination of companies within a software ecosystem. The particular focus on SMEs complements the state-of-art, since most research in the field concerns mature ecosystems governed by big players such as SAP and Apple. It is a useful lens for researchers to explore ecosystem partnerships. In addition, it is a valuable tool for companies to analyse power distribution, have insights on how to evolve their participation in the network and define sustainable strategies for ecosystem governance. |
publishDate |
2016 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2016-08-26 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2017-02-23T12:19:21Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2017-02-23T12:19:21Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18359 |
url |
https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18359 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencia da Computacao |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFPE |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
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Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) |
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UFPE |
institution |
UFPE |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UFPE |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UFPE |
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