Otimização do processo de recuperação do cromo de efluentes de curtumes por microemulsões no extrator Morris
Ano de defesa: | 2006 |
---|---|
Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | por |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
|
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química
|
Departamento: |
Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais
|
País: |
BR
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Palavras-chave em Inglês: | |
Área do conhecimento CNPq: | |
Link de acesso: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15790 |
Resumo: | The tanning industries are those which transform animal hide or skin into leather. Due to the complexity of the transformation process, greater quantities of chemicals are being used which results in the generation of effluents with residual solids. The chromium in the residual waters generated by tanning tend to be a serious problem to the environment, therefore the recovery of this metal could result in the reduction of manufacturing costs. This metal is usually found in a trivalent form which can be converted into a hexavalent compound under acidic conditions and in the presence of organic matter. The present study was carried out with the objective to recover chromium through an extraction/re-extraction process using micro emulsions. Micro emulsions are transparent and thermodynamically stable system composed of two immiscible liquids, one forming the continuous phase and the other dispersed into micro bubbles, established by an interfacial membrane formed by surface active and co-surface active molecules. The process of recovering the chromium was carried out in two stages. The first, an extraction process, where the chromium was extracted in the micro emulsion phase and the aqueous phase in excess was separated. In the second stage, a concentrated acid was added to the micro emulsion phase rich in chromium in order to obtain a Winsor II system, where the water that formed in the micro emulsion phase separates into a new micro emulsion phase with a higher concentration of chromium, due to the lowering of the hydrophiles as well as the ionisation of the system. During the experimental procedure, a study was initiated with a synthetic solution of chromium sulphate passing onto the effluent. A Morris extractor was used in the extraction process. Tests were carried out according to the plan and the results were analysed by statistical methods in order to optimise the main parameters that influence the process: the total rate of flow (Q), stirring speed (w) and solvent rate (r). The results, after optimization, demonstrated that the best percentuals in relation to the chromium extraction (99 %) were obtained in the following operational conditions: Q= 2,0 l/h, w= 425 rpm and r= 0,375. The re-extraction was carried out at room temperature (28 °C), 40 °C and 50°C using hydrochloric acid (8 and 10 M) and sulphuric acid (8 M) as re-extracting agents. The results obtained demonstrate that the process was efficient enough in relation to the chromium extraction, reaching to re-extraction percentage higher than 95 %. |
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Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencarhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4702157Y9http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783139Z0&dataRevisao=nullDantas Neto, Afonso Avelinohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783215D9Mahomed, Rahoma Sadeghttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787823E6Silvam, Pangadai Vaithianathan Pannishttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787576H4Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro2014-12-17T15:01:22Z2014-12-092014-12-17T15:01:22Z2006-05-19MOURA, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar. Optimisation of chromium recovery process from tanning effluent through micro emulsions in a Morris extractor. 2006. 154 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2006.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15790The tanning industries are those which transform animal hide or skin into leather. Due to the complexity of the transformation process, greater quantities of chemicals are being used which results in the generation of effluents with residual solids. The chromium in the residual waters generated by tanning tend to be a serious problem to the environment, therefore the recovery of this metal could result in the reduction of manufacturing costs. This metal is usually found in a trivalent form which can be converted into a hexavalent compound under acidic conditions and in the presence of organic matter. The present study was carried out with the objective to recover chromium through an extraction/re-extraction process using micro emulsions. Micro emulsions are transparent and thermodynamically stable system composed of two immiscible liquids, one forming the continuous phase and the other dispersed into micro bubbles, established by an interfacial membrane formed by surface active and co-surface active molecules. The process of recovering the chromium was carried out in two stages. The first, an extraction process, where the chromium was extracted in the micro emulsion phase and the aqueous phase in excess was separated. In the second stage, a concentrated acid was added to the micro emulsion phase rich in chromium in order to obtain a Winsor II system, where the water that formed in the micro emulsion phase separates into a new micro emulsion phase with a higher concentration of chromium, due to the lowering of the hydrophiles as well as the ionisation of the system. During the experimental procedure, a study was initiated with a synthetic solution of chromium sulphate passing onto the effluent. A Morris extractor was used in the extraction process. Tests were carried out according to the plan and the results were analysed by statistical methods in order to optimise the main parameters that influence the process: the total rate of flow (Q), stirring speed (w) and solvent rate (r). The results, after optimization, demonstrated that the best percentuals in relation to the chromium extraction (99 %) were obtained in the following operational conditions: Q= 2,0 l/h, w= 425 rpm and r= 0,375. The re-extraction was carried out at room temperature (28 °C), 40 °C and 50°C using hydrochloric acid (8 and 10 M) and sulphuric acid (8 M) as re-extracting agents. The results obtained demonstrate that the process was efficient enough in relation to the chromium extraction, reaching to re-extraction percentage higher than 95 %.Os Curtumes são indústrias que transformam peles em couro. Devido a complexidade do processo de transformação são utilizadas grandes quantidades de agentes químicos e gerados grandes volumes de efluentes e resíduos sólidos. O cromo presente nas águas residuárias geradas pelos curtumes constitui um sério problema ambiental e sua recuperação poderá representar uma redução nos custos do processo. Normalmente encontra-se na forma trivalente podendo ser convertido a cromo hexavalente sob condições ácidas e na presença de matéria orgânica. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de recuperar o cromo através de um processo de extração/reextração utilizando microemulsões. As microemulsões são sistemas transparentes, termodinamicamente estáveis, constituídos por dois líquidos imiscíveis, um formando a fase contínua e o outro disperso na forma de microgotículas, estabilizadas por uma membrana interfacial formada por moléculas de tensoativo e cotensoativo. O processo de recuperação do cromo ocorre em duas etapas. Na primeira, a extração, o cromo é extraído para a fase microemulsão e a fase aquosa em excesso é separada. A segunda etapa, é realizada adicionando-se a fase microemulsão, rica em cromo, um ácido concentrado visando a obtenção de um sistema Winsor II, em que parte da água que formava a fase microemulsão, devido a diminuição da hidrofilia e ionização do sistema, se desloca formando uma nova fase aquosa, mais concentrada em cromo. Durante o procedimento experimental, iniciou-se o estudo com uma solução sintética de sulfato de cromo passando-se, em seguida, ao efluente. No processo de extração do cromo em escala semi-piloto utilizou-se o extrator Morris. Os ensaios foram efetuados seguindo um planejamento experimental e os resultados obtidos foram analisados, através de métodos estatísticos, visando a otimização dos principais parâmetros que influenciam no processo: vazão total (Q), velocidade de agitação (w) e taxa de solvente (r). Os resultados obtidos, após a otimização, demonstraram que os maiores percentuais de extração (99 %) são obtidos nas seguintes condições operacionais: Q=2,0 l/h, w= 425 rpm e r= 0,375. A reextração foi realizada a temperatura ambiente (28 °C) e a 40°C e 50°C utilizando-se como agente reextratante ácido clorídrico (8 e 10 M) e ácido sulfúrico (8 M). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o processo foi eficiente com relação ao cromo, obtendo-se percentuais de reextração acima de 95%Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superiorapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NortePrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia QuímicaUFRNBRPesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias RegionaisEfluentes de CurtumesMicroemulsõesExtraçãoCromoExtrator MorrisReextraçãoTanning effluentMicroemulsionsExtractionChromiumMorris ExtractorRe-extractionCNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICAOtimização do processo de recuperação do cromo de efluentes de curtumes por microemulsões no extrator MorrisOptimisation of chromium recovery process from tanning effluent through micro emulsions in a Morris extractorinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRNinstname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)instacron:UFRNORIGINALMariaCPAM.pdfapplication/pdf984936https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/15790/1/MariaCPAM.pdf2ad822e0048cda570ce57a014ed42a7cMD51TEXTMariaCPAM.pdf.txtMariaCPAM.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain228678https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/15790/6/MariaCPAM.pdf.txtac702c87539d25a42250b5f7a7d27edeMD56THUMBNAILMariaCPAM.pdf.jpgMariaCPAM.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg2980https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/15790/7/MariaCPAM.pdf.jpge8512a27e9fce5d5192d5458e2158d99MD57123456789/157902017-11-02 03:40:07.238oai:https://repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/15790Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttp://repositorio.ufrn.br/oai/opendoar:2017-11-02T06:40:07Repositório Institucional da UFRN - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Otimização do processo de recuperação do cromo de efluentes de curtumes por microemulsões no extrator Morris |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Optimisation of chromium recovery process from tanning effluent through micro emulsions in a Morris extractor |
title |
Otimização do processo de recuperação do cromo de efluentes de curtumes por microemulsões no extrator Morris |
spellingShingle |
Otimização do processo de recuperação do cromo de efluentes de curtumes por microemulsões no extrator Morris Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar Efluentes de Curtumes Microemulsões Extração Cromo Extrator Morris Reextração Tanning effluent Microemulsions Extraction Chromium Morris Extractor Re-extraction CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
title_short |
Otimização do processo de recuperação do cromo de efluentes de curtumes por microemulsões no extrator Morris |
title_full |
Otimização do processo de recuperação do cromo de efluentes de curtumes por microemulsões no extrator Morris |
title_fullStr |
Otimização do processo de recuperação do cromo de efluentes de curtumes por microemulsões no extrator Morris |
title_full_unstemmed |
Otimização do processo de recuperação do cromo de efluentes de curtumes por microemulsões no extrator Morris |
title_sort |
Otimização do processo de recuperação do cromo de efluentes de curtumes por microemulsões no extrator Morris |
author |
Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar |
author_facet |
Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4702157Y9 |
dc.contributor.advisorID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.advisorLattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783139Z0&dataRevisao=null |
dc.contributor.referees1.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino |
dc.contributor.referees1ID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.referees1Lattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783215D9 |
dc.contributor.referees2.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Mahomed, Rahoma Sadeg |
dc.contributor.referees2ID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.referees2Lattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787823E6 |
dc.contributor.referees3.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Silvam, Pangadai Vaithianathan Pannis |
dc.contributor.referees3ID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.referees3Lattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787576H4 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro |
contributor_str_mv |
Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Efluentes de Curtumes Microemulsões Extração Cromo Extrator Morris Reextração |
topic |
Efluentes de Curtumes Microemulsões Extração Cromo Extrator Morris Reextração Tanning effluent Microemulsions Extraction Chromium Morris Extractor Re-extraction CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Tanning effluent Microemulsions Extraction Chromium Morris Extractor Re-extraction |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
description |
The tanning industries are those which transform animal hide or skin into leather. Due to the complexity of the transformation process, greater quantities of chemicals are being used which results in the generation of effluents with residual solids. The chromium in the residual waters generated by tanning tend to be a serious problem to the environment, therefore the recovery of this metal could result in the reduction of manufacturing costs. This metal is usually found in a trivalent form which can be converted into a hexavalent compound under acidic conditions and in the presence of organic matter. The present study was carried out with the objective to recover chromium through an extraction/re-extraction process using micro emulsions. Micro emulsions are transparent and thermodynamically stable system composed of two immiscible liquids, one forming the continuous phase and the other dispersed into micro bubbles, established by an interfacial membrane formed by surface active and co-surface active molecules. The process of recovering the chromium was carried out in two stages. The first, an extraction process, where the chromium was extracted in the micro emulsion phase and the aqueous phase in excess was separated. In the second stage, a concentrated acid was added to the micro emulsion phase rich in chromium in order to obtain a Winsor II system, where the water that formed in the micro emulsion phase separates into a new micro emulsion phase with a higher concentration of chromium, due to the lowering of the hydrophiles as well as the ionisation of the system. During the experimental procedure, a study was initiated with a synthetic solution of chromium sulphate passing onto the effluent. A Morris extractor was used in the extraction process. Tests were carried out according to the plan and the results were analysed by statistical methods in order to optimise the main parameters that influence the process: the total rate of flow (Q), stirring speed (w) and solvent rate (r). The results, after optimization, demonstrated that the best percentuals in relation to the chromium extraction (99 %) were obtained in the following operational conditions: Q= 2,0 l/h, w= 425 rpm and r= 0,375. The re-extraction was carried out at room temperature (28 °C), 40 °C and 50°C using hydrochloric acid (8 and 10 M) and sulphuric acid (8 M) as re-extracting agents. The results obtained demonstrate that the process was efficient enough in relation to the chromium extraction, reaching to re-extraction percentage higher than 95 %. |
publishDate |
2006 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2006-05-19 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2014-12-17T15:01:22Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2014-12-09 2014-12-17T15:01:22Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
MOURA, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar. Optimisation of chromium recovery process from tanning effluent through micro emulsions in a Morris extractor. 2006. 154 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2006. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15790 |
identifier_str_mv |
MOURA, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar. Optimisation of chromium recovery process from tanning effluent through micro emulsions in a Morris extractor. 2006. 154 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2006. |
url |
https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15790 |
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por |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte |
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química |
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UFRN |
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BR |
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Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte |
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