Levantamento e caracteriza??o de fungos e pseudofungos causadores de ?o?dio? e ?m?ldio? no estado do Rio de Janeiro

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Almeida, Jonas Dias de
• Orientador(a): In?cio, Carlos Antonio
• Banca de defesa: In?cio, Carlos Antonio, Fraga, Marcelo Elias, Saggin Junior, Orivaldo Jose, Santos, Alvaro Figueiredo dos
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Fitossanidade e Biotecnologia Aplicada
• Departamento: Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas e da Sa?de
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Hifomicetos; morfologia; an?lises filogen?ticas
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Hyphomycetes; morphology; phylogenetic
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Agronomia
• Link de acesso: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/6207

The kindom Fungi includes organisms distinct from plants, animals and bacteria. Due to these and other differences it shows as a single group of related organisms, called Eumycota (true fungi or Eumycetes), and share a common ancestor (a monophyletic group). However, this group of fungi is distinct from the structurally similar Myxomycetes (Protista or Protozoa) and Oomycetes (Chromista, Straminipila or Straminopila). Another group known as anamorphic fungi [formerly Hyphomycetes (Incl. Agonomycetes) and Coelomycetes], which are also treated as imperfect, asexual, deuteromycetes, deuteromycotina, deuteromycota, conidial fungi, which belongs to division (or Phylum) Ascomycota as well as some Basidiomycota. A large diversity of fungi that cause plant diseases is present in these groups, which affect not only the plants of agronomic interest but also the spontaneously growth or ?weed? plants where we can mention the members of Erysiphales, which causes powdery mildew diseases, characterized by the formation of a whitish powdery mass of superficial mycelium, whose hyphae attach to the surface of the host by structures called appressoria that forms penetration tubes and extract nutrients from host plant through specialized structures called ?haustorium? formed within the plant tissue. Another group would be the Pseudofungi, causing mildew, members of downy mildews, members of Peronosporales, which has a strategy of infection in their hosts, zoospores that swim and often encysts on the surface of the host and penetrates the plant tissues (eg. stoma cells), after infection develops a dense intercellular mycelium that develop specialized hyphae called haustoria which penetrates to the interior of the plant cells to parasitize and feed the host that displays symptoms of translucent discolored spots, sometimes covered by powdery layers. This work aimed to characterize fungi of the orders Erysiphales and Peronosporales associated to symptoms of "powdery mildew" and "downy mildew" in plants of agronomic and spontaneous interest, present in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Several samples were collected at different locations in the municipality of Serop?dica, including the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Fazendinha Agrobiologia and INCRA and other places like Itaguai and Recreio. This material was taken to the Department of Entomology and Phytopathology -DENF / ICBS, where it was analyzed using optical and dissecting microscopes in the laboratories of the section of Mycology/Phytopathology/DEnf/ICBS/UFRRJ. Additionally, genomic DNA was extracted from the fungi collected and amplified by PCR and sequenced, where 15 Erysiphales and 4 Peronosporales were analyzed. Among members of Erysiphales were found: 5 species in Cystotheceae (1 probable new), 4 in Golovynomycetae, 3 in Erysiphae, 1 in Phyllactinae and in Peronosporales: 3 Peronospora, 1 Plasmopara. These fungi are described for the first time in the State of Rio de Janeiro.