An?lise ambiental e econ?mica comparativa de m?todos de amostragem do solo utilizadas em agricultura de precis?o

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Gon?alves, Jose Roberto Moreira Ribeiro
• Orientador(a): Ferraz, Gabriel Ara?jo e Silva
• Banca de defesa: Ferraz, Gabriel Ara?jo e Silva, Barros, Murilo Machado de, Silva, Fl?vio Castro da
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Engenharia Agr?cola e Ambiental
• Departamento: Instituto de Tecnologia
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Amostragem de solo; Impacto Ambiental; Difus?o de tecnologia; Agricultura de Precis?o
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Soil sampling; Environmental impact; Technology diffusion; Precision agriculture.
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Engenharia Agr?cola
• Link de acesso: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1944

Precision agriculture has been an alternative to reduce costs in agriculture and environmental gain, and can also facilitate the localized and rational application of inputs, with positive economic, environmental and social results. Soil sampling techniques studies from the use of new sensors available in the market becomes fundamental importance. The objective of this work was to compare fertilizer recommendation maps based on three different soil sampling methods to evaluate the economic and environmental component. The experiment was carried out in three distinct areas in the cities of Guarapuava and Cantagalo, both in the state of Paran?, under no-tillage system, with crops rotation of soy, oat, corn, wheat and barley. The used sampling methods were: by altitude management zones, sample meshes and electrical conductivity oriented sampling (CEa). The soil samples for the method of altitude management zones were performed after the zones definition. Mesh sampling was performed at the density of one sample per ha. The guided sampling was carried out after the definition of management zones by electrical conductivity of the soil, through the use of soil approach sensor. From the results of the laboratory analysis, recommendation maps were made for limestone, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen application to allow comparison between methods, volumes, environmental factors and costs. With the accomplishment of this study it was possible to evaluate the spatial variability of the soil attributes, comparing the fertilizer volumes recommended, estimating the global economic cost of using the technology by sensor, as well as all the used inputs, equipment and implements. From the environmental point of view, it was possible to quantitatively and spatially evaluate the behavior of the applications of each fertilizer by sampling method. Taking the Meshes Samples method as reference, it was presented as a better alternative compared to the other methods, however, the use of soil sensors have been presented as viable technologies that need further improvement in order to provide productivity, costs reduction and consequent economic and environmental gain.