Sistemas agroflorestais com guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense) em terra?o e v?rzea no Vale do Para?ba do Sul, Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Devide, Antonio Carlos Pries
• Orientador(a): Ribeiro, Raul de Lucena Duarte
• Banca de defesa: Ribeiro, Raul de Lucena Duarte, Pereira, Marcos Gerv?sio, Almeida, Dejair Lopes de, Guerra, Jos? Guilherme Marinho, Oliveira, Rog?rio Ribeiro
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Instituto de Agronomia
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: restaura??o ambiental; APOIA-NovoRural; Agroecologia
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: environmental restoration; Agroecology
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Agronomia
• Link de acesso: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2547

The study was carried out at Coruputuba Farm, in Pindamonhangaba, SP. The effects on the guanandi of agroforestry diversification were evaluated, with experiments in terrace to the lowland in blocks at random with eight replications, with the treatments: Monoculture of Guanandi; Simple AFS with annual crops between the lines and Biodiverse AFS with the same annual increases of banana, ju?ara and native trees. Cambisols Fl?vico dystrophic occur in the upper and middle third of the terraces and in the lower third Planossols H?plico of better fertility. The AFS favored the growth of guanandi with increment of the circumference to the soil height (CAS) in the Simple AFS. The performance of cassava was similar in AFS with 7,6 Mg ha-1 of fresh aerial mass (FM) and 6,3 Mg ha-1 of roots. In Biodiverse AFS, the pigeon pea provided 3,5 Mg ha-1 dry matter (DM), 1,3 Mg ha-1 firewood and 210 kg ha-1 grain. The arrowroot rotated with cassava was depleted in the Simple AFS with yield of 7,6 Mg rhizomes ha-1 and 15 Mg MF aerial ha-1 and with drought produced 2,5 Mg rhizomes ha-1 and 4,0 Mg MF aerial ha-1, adapting as a spontaneous plant. At Biodiverse AFS banana production of 21 Mg ha-1 (25 kg bunch-1) increased to 25 Mg ha-1 (30 kg bunch-1), providing 145 Mg ha-1 of organic residues rich in K+. The survival of the trees exceeded 69% for 11 species, and 60% for the ju?ara in middle and lower third, with a highlight in the growth of the mamica-de-porca, pau-viola e capixingui trees, with a higher frequency of pruning in anjico-preto, mamica-de-porca, aroeira, urucum e capixingui, obtaining 5,2 Mg MF ha-1. SAF improved soil fertility and reduced spontaneous vegetation. In the lowland the soils Planossolo H?plico, Cambisolos Fl?vico, Argissolo Amarelo and Gleissolo H?plico are dystrophic. Artemisia declined in the first year and in rotation, taro produced 15,17 Mg ha-1 of rhizomes in the Simple AFS; declining in the dry season of the second cycle, obtaining 13,5 Mg ha-1 DM of organic residues from the flem?ngia, with a cut-off interval of 12 weeks in the Simple AFS. In Biodiverse AFS banana tree produced 10,8 Mg ha-1 of late harvest bunches and 20 Mg ha-1 MF of K+ rich stem residues. The survival of sesbania was 66% and 69% for 12 forest species, such as urucum, ip?-rosa, ing?-do-brejo, imbiruss?, pinha-do-brejo, pau-viola, aroeira e anjico-preto, with 77% of survival of the ju?ara between the lines of the guanandi. Tree pruning generated 7,6 Mg ha-1 DM of leaves and firewood (2,8 Mg ha-1 FM), 70% of the material being sesbania and aroeira. Guapuruv?, pau-viola, aroeira, ing?-do-brejo and ip?-rosa presented the highest heights. AFS favored the growth of guanandi that reached 533 cm high in the floodplain. The Simple AFS was based on the intensive management of annual crops in the guanandi lines, which revealed the smallest amplitude of the growth components in Biodiverse AFS. This system has provided product diversity to regenerate the environment. A high sustainability index of 0,79 was obtained with the APOIA-NovoRural system.