Bioecologia e vigil?ncia entomol?gica de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) na ?rea da Reserva Biol?gica de Po?o das Antas, Munic?pio de Silva Jardim, Estado do Rio de Janeiro

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Mello, Cec?lia Ferreira de
• Orientador(a): Alencar, Jeronimo Augusto Fonseca
• Banca de defesa: Alencar, Jeronimo Augusto Fonseca, Mallet, Jacenir Reis dos Santos, D?Almeida, Jos? Mario
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Biologia Animal
• Departamento: Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas e da Sa?de
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Biodiversidade; Mosquito; Ecologia; Unidade de conserva??o; Microscopia eletr?nica de varredura; Aedini; morfometria; ovo; Psorophora albipes; citocromo c oxidase I; taxonomia; filogenia; Culex pedroi; Culex ribeirensis; Haemagogus; Febre amarela; Ovitrampas
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Ecologia
• Link de acesso: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/4483

Knowledge of the biodiversity and ecology of mosquitoes in areas of the Mata Atl?ntica domain is extremely important to evaluate changes in the pattern of activities of their populations, hitherto considered to be habitually wild, environmental changes caused by human activities lead to changes in populations mosquito vectors, and wild species adapt to breeding in urban areas. Studies related to morphology and taxonomic identity are also very important since they facilitate the identification of representatives of Culicidae species belonging to different complexes and also contribute to the understanding of species biology and group systematics. Besides classical morphology, scanning electron microscopy and morphometry, biochemical tools and molecular biology have aided in the separation of cryptic species and studies of the interaction between them. Analysis at the molecular level of the tropical populations, which make up the Culicidae family, is of great importance, as we do not yet have sufficient knowledge about the morphological and genetic variability of several species and correct identification of these individuals constitutes the fundamental basis for building knowledge in ecology and other areas of biology. Failures in species differentiation and identification may lead to the diffusion and amplification of conceptual and methodological errors in other areas that may have implications not only in our knowledge of nature but in ecosystem structure and functioning, management decisions, and human health. Objectives: To study the diversity, ecology, morphology and taxonomic identity of Culicidae in areas of the Atlantic Forest domain of the Po?os das Antas Biological Reserve (RbioPA), State of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Cultivdae adults were captured using automatic CDCs with CO2, Shannon and Castro grabber. Diversity, equity, wealth and dominance indexes were calculated, assessments and comparisons of differences in the composition of the mosquito community in each area were carried out, as well as the possible influence of climatic variables. Eggs obtained from females of Psorophora ferox and Ps. albipes were photographed and submitted to morphometric analysis. The species Culex pedroi and Cx. ribeirensis were validated through the analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). Traps of ovitraps that were installed in the RBioPA were also introduced in the areas of the Itatiaia National Park (PARNA-Itatiaia) and the Private Reserve of the Natural Heritage of Bom Retiro (RPPNBR). Results: A total of 15,700 specimens of Culicidae from two subfamilies, 12 genera and 41 species were captured through the luminous traps and capture of Castro. The most representative species were: Coquillettidia chrysonotum, Mansonia titillans and Cq. venezuelensis. The diversity indexes showed that the CDC luminous traps showed greater diversity, richness and equity, dominance was higher at the point with the highest concentration of endemic plants. The abundance of culicidae correlated positively with temperature. The ornamentation of the exocoria of the populations of Ps. ferox species obtained in ReBioPA differed from eggs from populations in Florida and Trinidad. The eggs of Ps. albipes presented an elliptical contour with an average length of 538.67 ? 69.89 ?m and a width of 157.66 ? 23.12 ?m and a mean index of 3.42 ? 0.07 ?m. The outer shell of the eggs is regular, with elongated chorionic cells that vary in size. The cells mainly have a pentagonal shape, but some have an elliptical shape. The micropillary disk has small irregularities in the contour, excavations at the edge with the center slightly raised and a micropolis with cross-shaped. In the traps of ovitrampa, we collected 2,162 Culicidae specimens. The most common species were Haemagogus janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus, both vectors of the wild yellow fever virus. Conclusions: Considering the diversity of mosquito species in ReBioPA, PARNA-Itatiaia, RPPNBR and its potential role for the transmission of pathogens, combined with an intermittent flow of visitors in the study areas, and around these reserves, reinforces that the activity of entomological surveillance should be continuous in the regions studied. The SEM tool contributed to observe dissimilarity in the exocular morphology of the populations of Ps. ferox of the three geographic regions, and may collaborate in clarifying the taxonomic and populational status of culicidae species. Full knowledge of the egg morphology of Culicidae species through SEM is useful to correlate their fine structure with consistent and non discernible differences observed under a stereoscopic microscope and may aid in species discrimination. The IOC has been shown to be a useful molecular marker for the identification of Cx. pedroi and Cx. ribeirensis and, therefore, supports identification systems based on morphological SALLUM; FORATTINI, 1996.