Diversifica??o e evolu??o em anuros neotropicais, uma abordagem filogeogr?fica e biogeogr?fica

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Elvis Almeida Pereira
• Orientador(a): Silva, H?lio Ricardo da
• Banca de defesa: Nogueira, Denise Monnerat, Utsunomia, Ricardo, M?ngia, Sarah, Abrunhosa, Patr?cia Alves
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Biologia Animal
• Departamento: Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas e da Sa?de
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Anf?bios; Brasil; Delimita??o de esp?cie
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Amphibians; Brazil; Species delimitation
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Ecologia
• Link de acesso: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/6824

Biology has as one of its main questions, the search for patterns of distribution of organisms. The science that seeks to identify the processes that led to the formation of these standards is Biogeography. As access to molecular data increased between the 1970s and 1980s, the study of Biogeography expanded and then the term Phylogeography was created, whose main objective is to understand the processes that acted on the geographical distribution of species, based on genetic data. Testing the patterns and processes that led to these distributions in philopatric organisms, with low vagility and high rates of endemism is interesting when trying to understand historical geomorphological and climatic events. The neotropical region is one of the most diverse regions on the planet, as it is home to enormous biodiversity, with the greatest diversity of amphibians in the world, in addition to having a diversified geomorphology due to the historical complex of evolution of the continent and different types of ecoregions. In the past millions and years, the South American continent has undergone severe changes due to marine incursions, uplift of mountain ranges and the closing of the Isthmus of Panama, which changed the climate of South America completely. In addition to these geological events, climatic events also acted in the modification of the neotropical landscape several times, causing forest morphoclimatic domains to expand and retract over time, and consequently, species dependent on forest habitats, fluctuated with the events of expansion and retraction of these forests. Anurans occupy a wide range of habitats, have low vagility and many species possibly followed the forest cycles, making them good models for understanding the evolution of these morphoclimatic domains. With this, the present thesis presents two chapters, the first, phylogeographic structure of Boana crepitans and the second, biogeographic aspects of the species of the Sphaenorhynchini tribe. In addition to pointing out information about the historical connections between the forest morphoclimatic domains of the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest and identifying some main processes that have acted in the diversification of these taxa.