Interlocu??o de Saberes na Constru??o do Plano de Etnodesenvolvimento do territ?rio quilombola do Gurutuba, Norte de Minas Gerais

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Teixeira, Tiago Salles
• Orientador(a): Uz?da, Mariella Camardelli
• Banca de defesa: Uz?da, Mariella Camardelli, Dayrell, Carlos Alberto, Carvalho, Igor Simoni Homem de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Agricultura Org?nica
• Departamento: Instituto de Agronomia
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Cartografia social; Agrobiodiversidade; Servi?os Ecossist?micos; Social Cartography; Agrobiodiversity; Ecosystem Services
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Agronomia
• Link de acesso: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/6374

Quilombo do Gurutuba forms a contingent of 895 quilombola families, dispersed in 30 population centers, distributed in seven municipalities in the northern region of Minas Gerais. With the advent of developmental policies in the region, the community witnessed an aggressive process of environmental degradation and territorial expropriation, to the point that, currently, they are in possession of only 3% of their territory. In the quest for land titling, the community is in the process of building its Ethnodevelopment Plan. In this context, the present research was conceived with the intent of characterizing in a participatory way the quilombola territory of Gurutuba, the pressure and degradation vectors and, zoning the area in order to allow the rescue of ecosystem services and the quality of life of the population place. Supported by the epistemological approach to agroecology, social cartography was the method used to report to the community, using different instruments to support the construction of comprehensive knowledge about traditional territory. This combination also allowed connections to be made with other diverse areas of knowledge. With literary exploration and the contribution of local collective memory, pressure vectors and socioenvironmental impacts are characterized, in order to constitute a multidimensional analysis matrix. The result of this is a tool with the potential to subsidize community reflections about the reality experienced and, consequently, subsidize strategies for community repositioning. In addition, geoprocessing tools contributed to support the characterization and representation of the landscape scales recognized by Gurutubans. Thus, the results demonstrate the complexity of the organizational levels used by quilombolas in the appropriation of space in their different particularities, in such a way as to allow them to produce on different types of soils and guarantee the survival of a large number of people under relatively small areas. Thus, in each modality of the Traditional Gurutuban Agricultural System (SAT), the aim is to take advantage of the potential inherent to the landscape unit in which it is located. The recognition of (agro) biodiversity and ecosystem services is a way of materializing the SAT and, in such a way, the species of the local flora are categorized into several types of community use. This ethnobotanical study was carried out in transects by different landscape units. From the analysis of Scenarios, it was possible to identify on three time scales the gradual movement of reduction of the local fauna. With this result in mind, the ecological corridor presents itself as a viable alternative for reconnecting the landscape and is directly related to species protection strategies and ecosystem functional processes. For this, it was used techniques of image interpretation, combined with techniques of community reflection to determine viability vestments for the implantation of ecological corridors. Despite successive pressures on population and territory, the results reveal the resilience of a community that keeps territoriality alive. The right of gurutubans to the territory is a vital condition for the conservation of (agro) biodiversity and ecosystem services; therefore, it is in the interest of the State and of all civil society.