Fatores antinutricionais em tr?s esp?cies de leguminosas forrageiras

• Ano de defesa: 2009
• Autor(a) principal: Nepomuceno, Delci de Deus
• Orientador(a): Almeida, Jo?o Carlos de Carvalho
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia
• Departamento: Instituto de Zootecnia
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: fungos; metab?litos secund?rios; meteorismo espumoso
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: fungi; secondary metabolites; foam meteorism
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Zootecnia
• Link de acesso: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/585

This work was divided into three chapters; the first one was carried out for identifying secondary metabolites classes on three forage legumes: Pueraria phaseoloides (puero), Macrotyloma axillare (archer) and Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean). These sorts of metabolites when present in plants may cause to animal adverse effects resulting ingestion and digestion decreasement and nutrients bioavailabity named antinutritional factors as well as may systematically induce to animal or herd performance decreasement. For this stud, phytochemical prospection, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis (NMRA) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IS) were performed. Following secondary metabolites classes: organic acids, reducing sugars, depsidians and depsidones, coumarine derivatives, steroids and triterpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, saccharides and tannins on three forage legumes species were identified. Puero e perennial soybean for alkaloids presence were compatible. According bibliographic references, secondary metabolites classes have presented antinutritional effects compounds, some of totally dependent on intake and specie like reducing sugars and saccharides responsible for antinutritional effects on monogastric animals as well. The second chapter of this survey was carried out for quantifying condensed tannin content by Stiasny Reaction and for evaluating puero, archer and perennial soybean in vitro foam stability. For tannin quantification separated portions of entire plant, leaves, and stem by Simple Randomized Design with legumes allocated on subdivided parcels and portions on subparcels was used. By analysis of covariance, obtained result average, as well as interactions effects between legumes and portions by Tukey Test (P<0.05) were achieved. In vitro foam stability and yielding evaluation due to produced foam by legumes considered ruminant foamy meteorism potential etiological agent was performed. Simple Randomized Design consisting by subdivided parcels with three replications each was carried out where portions were composed by entire plant, leaves and stem as well as crude methanol extract related to parcels and remaining time (0, 5, 10, 30 and 60 minutes) for monitoring volume to subparcels. By Tukey Test (P<0.05) each portion averages within each time were compared and by analysis of variance results related to volume and remaining time were submitted to. By statistical analysis of Regression, saved volume effect during time and legumes interaction and checking time were evaluated as well as foam stability interaction in relation to remaining foam was estimated. Condensed tannin content ranged from 1 to 1.6%. In regard to perennial soybean and archer, foam stability produced by entire plant, leaves, stem and legumes methanol extract was considered constant, nevertheless puero showed significative result, creating the following regression equations y= -2.0111x 44.984 for leaf; y= -2.4x 37.957 for stem; y= -2.9049 x 31.779 for plant entire and y= -15.383x 125.31 for methanol extract. The aim of third chapter was to evaluate fungi association to legumes: Pueraria phaseoloides (puero), Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean), Macrotyloma axillare (archer), Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) and Arachis pintoi cv Amarillo (pinto), however, due to substances over legumes leaves presenting disgusting feature they have been considered unappropriate to animal feeding. According Barnett and hunter (1990) and Pitt and Hocking (1997) fungi amorphous reproduction elements were used. For fungi macroscopic and microscopic identification, Imprint tape technique, NaOH and blue cotton were used. The following fungi: Alternaria spp, Phitomyces chartarum, Nigrospora spp, Cladosporium spp, Mucor spp, Fusarium spp, Pseudomicrodochium spp, Tetraploa spp, Acremonium spp, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia spp and Micelia sterilia were reported, at all.