Meio ambiente e doenças neurodegenerativas: traçando conexões com base em população do sudoeste sergipano, Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2022
• Autor(a) principal: Jesus, Rudvan Cicotti Alves de
• Orientador(a): Mendonça, Deise Maria Furtado de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ciências naturais; Meio ambiente; Doenças do sistema nervoso; Natural Sciences; Environment; Nervous system diseases
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: OUTROS::CIENCIAS
• Link de acesso: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/17677

Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDs) are a group of diseases that cause death of neurons from central and/or peripheral nervous system. They are progressive, disabling diseases, with high morbidity and mortality. NDs do not have an effective treatment to promote healing and pharmacological treatment is only symptomatic. In Brazil, NDs are not notifiable diseases and there are few studies on the incidence and clinical condition of patients. Objective: To carry out an epidemiological and clinical survey of patients affected by NDs in municipalities of Sergipe southwest and to carry out analysis of environmental factors, such as possible risk factors for the most incident diseases identified. Methodology: This is an observational, descriptive, cross sectional and quantitative analysis study. This research was divided into two stages: in the first stage, an epidemiological survey of the DNs of the six municipalities that are part of the Lagarto Health Region was carried out, associated with the respective Health Departments; in the second stage, patients with more frequent diseases were recruited to answer a semi-structured questionnaire to characterize the sociodemographic, clinical and risk factors profile. Results: A total of 99 patients with NDs were identified. The prevalence rates per 100,000 inhabitants of the identified DNs were: 0.38 for Parkinson's Disease associated with Dementia, Spinocerebellar Ataxia, Non-Progressive Congenital Ataxia and Frontotemporal Dementia; 0.76 for Huntington's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; 1.14 for Spinal Atrophy; 1.52 for Friedreich's Ataxia; 3.04 for Charcot-Marie-Tooth; 12.9 for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and 15.94 for Parkinson's Disease (PD). AD (n=34) and PD (n=42) were the most prevalent diseases identified in the studied area. Among two groups, 16 AD and 17 PD patients agreed to participate in the study. The mean age was 81.5±9.37 for AD and 68.3±9.94 for PD. Regarding gender, 81.25% of AD patients were female, and 58.82% of PD patients were male. Regarding the form of the disease, 56.25% of patients with AD and 64.71% with PD had the disease in its sporadic form. Consumption of untreated water of dubious origin and exposure to pesticides were the main variables identified with potential risk to the development of the respective DNs identified in this study. Diabetes and arterial hypertension were variables that were not significant as possible risk factors, however, as they are diseases with a high incidence in the world, they should be treated as potential associated factors for the development of NDs. Conclusion: The most frequent diseases were AD and PD, with a prevalence rate of 12.9/100,000 for AD and 15.94/1000,000 for PD. The main variables identified as possible risk factors for the development of DNs were the consumption of untreated water of dubious origin and exposure to pesticides. More detailed clinical studies are needed to clarify the influence of these factors on the development of NDs in these patients.