Do ambiente ao sujeito : fatores associados ao desempenho escolar de crianças rurais paraenses

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Vieira, Douglas Alencar
• Orientador(a): Gomes, Thayse Natacha Queiroz Ferreira
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Educação Física
• Palavras-chave em Português: Educação física; Exercícios físicos; Capacidade motora nas crianças; Pará; Aprendizagem; Capacidade de aprendizagem; Educação rural; Desempenho acadêmico; Crianças; Rural; Coordenação motora
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: School achievement; Children; Attention; Motor coordination
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::EDUCACAO FISICA
• Link de acesso: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/17533

Introduction: school achievement is defined as the competence that the student acquires throughout the school’s life, through which he expresses the academic knowledge he acquired in this period. This school achievement can be influenced by factors related to the subject (behavioural/motor, sociodemographic and cognitive aspects) and the environment (place of residence, socioeconomic status, school characteristics), as well as by the interaction between subject-environment. However, the different characteristics of the rural settings may cause the school achievement of children to present divergent relationships between these predictors depending on the region and the context analysed. Purpose: analyse the factors associated with school achievement of students from the rural area of Pará, Brazil. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study, sample consisted of 106 children (7 to 12 years old) from a public school in the interior of Pará, Brazil. Anthropometric information (body mass, height, waist, and hip circumference), sociodemographic (age and sex), socioeconomic, motor coordination, physical fitness, physical activity, level of attention and school achievement were collected. Based on the normality tests, comparisons between the variables according to sex were performed using the t test for independent samples and Chi-square (X2). Binary logistic regression models were created to identify the predictor variables of school achievement and effect size estimates were presented through R². Network analysis was used to evaluate nonlinear associations between age, attention levels, physical activity, motor coordination and physical fitness considering school achievement and place of residence (disparities in reading, writing and arithmetic were also analysed according to the place of residence). The research is approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Sergipe (nº 5.155.350). Results: boys showed higher values for physical fitness compared to girls [agility (7.9±0.9), speed (4.8±0.6) upper limb power (193.2±29.7) and local muscular endurance (23.5±9.2)]. Most children presented insufficient motor coordination (61.3%), low socioeconomic status (52%) and lived farther from school (60.4%). Older children (OR = 9.49, 95%CI = 2.37-37.92), with better attention (OR = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.00-1.16) and good motor coordination (OR = 10.42, 95%CI = 1.04- 104.46) were more likely to have a better school achievement; children with better school achievement lived farther from school (38.4±33.6), had better overall physical fitness (0.8±4.1) and alternating selective attention (94.5±22.7) in relation to their peers. In the networks analysis, among children with better school achievement, motor coordination and physical activity showed positive relationships with physical fitness. While among children who lived closest to school the relationships While among the children who lived closest to school the relationships between reading, writing and arithmetic were stronger. Conclusion: age, attention and motor coordination were significant predictors of school achievement. Although physical activity was not presented as a significant predictor for children’s school achievement, it was presented as a mediating variable in the relationships observed in the network analysis.