Valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos na sub-bacia do rio Jacaré, Sergipe

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Diego Araujo Oliveira
• Orientador(a): Fernandes, Milton Marques
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente
• Palavras-chave em Português: Meio ambiente; Solos; Manejo do solo; Ecossistemas; Bacias hidrográficas; Valor (Economia); Bacia do Rio São Francisco; Rio Jacaré (SE); Capital natural; Valoração ecossistêmica; Dinâmica ambiental; Uso da terra
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Natural capital; Ecosystem assessment; Environmental dynamics; Land use
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: OUTROS
• Link de acesso: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/11551

The sub-basin of the Jacaré River is located in the San Francisco River Basin (Low San Francisco region). It is located in the Caatinga biome, in the semi-arid region of Sergipe, covering the municipalities of Canindé do São Francisco and Poço Redondo, and is characterized by the significant presence of Rural Settlements and the strong agricultural and livestock production. It is inferred that changes in land use and land cover interfere with the availability of ecosystem services - ESs; from ecosystems that are essential for human survival. In this way, the identification, evaluation and monetary valuation of the ESs are of great interest for policies with a conservationist and territorial planning focus, especially in the institution of policies for Payment for Environmental Services or Ecosystemic (PES). Thus, this paper aims to analyze the dynamics of land use and land cover in the years 2013 and 2017, in the Jacaré River subbasin, seeking the monetary valuation of its ESs. As methodological procedures, the subarea of the Jacaré River was delimited, and, for the analysis of land use and coverage, images were obtained from Landsat-8 satellite, OLI (Operational Land Imager) satellite, from the years of 2013 and 2017, with spatial resolution of 30 m, as well as a rapideye image of the year 2016. The images were submitted to the supervised classification by maximum likelihood, and all processing was done in ArcGis 10.2 software. The automatic classification allowed the identification and quantification of six classes: caatinga, regeneration, agriculture, pasture, exposed soil and water bodies. For the ecosystem valuation of the classes, it was based on the pre-established monetary values. Also, the economic opportunity cost of the classes was determined. As a result, it is estimated that in 2017, more than 50% of the areas are forested (Regeneration and Caatinga) and 20% with areas with exposed soil, which suggest that this sub-basin is in the process of desertification. About 30% of the sub-basin area is occupied by Rural Settlements (n = 33). the Caatinga, Regeneration and Pasture classes correspond to about 99% and 98% of the ESs values in 2013/2017. There was an increase of approximately 23% in the value of the ESs, equivalent to US$ 30.71 million. It was concluded that there was an increase in the percentages of forested areas and exposed soils; the expansion of the Caatinga and Regeneration areas contributed to the increase in the values of ecosystem services and cumulative and individual coefficients; the ecosystem service cycling of nutrients was the one that obtained greater economic value, in both years; and, the amounts 105.4 US$. ha-1.year-1 and 46.5 US$.ha-1.year-1 may be minimum compensation parameters for the conversion of pasture and agricultural areas, respectively, to forested areas.