Antibióticos macrolídeos: determinação e identificação de metabólitos e subprodutos de degradação em efluente hospitalar

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Minetto, Luciane
• Orientador(a): Martins, Ayrton Figueiredo
• Banca de defesa: Arsand, Daniel Ricardo , Primel, Ednei Gilberto , Vasconcelos, Tibiriçá Gonçalves , Martins, Manoel Leonardo
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química
• Departamento: Química
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Antibióticos macrolídeos; Efluente hospitalar; Fotodegradação; Produtos de degradação; Metabólitos
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Macrolide antibiotics; Effluent hospital; Photodegradation; Degradation products; Metabolites
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4262

Macrolide antibiotics are an important group of prescription drugs; as a consequence of the large and continuous use, they are commonly found in the environment. In the present study, it was developed and optimized a chromatographic method to assess the occurrence of macrolide antibiotics Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin and Roxithromycin in the effluent of the University Hospital of Santa Maria, in two sampling points, by applying high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass detection with quadrupole ion trap (HPLC-MS/MS_QTrap) and clean-up/pre-concentration by solid phase extraction with the aid of Surface Methodology Response. The concentrations measured during a week in the hospital effluent were 1.32±0.13 and 0.22±0.06 μg L-1 for Azithromycin and Clarithromycin; in the receptor water sream was 1.12±0.20, 0.20±0.05 and 0.01±0.004 μg L-1 for Azithromycin, Clarithromycin and Erythromycin. Roxithromycin was not detected in all effluent samples. After this, it was done the evaluation of the risk quotient of the macrolide antibiotics. The value of the risk quotient for the hospital effluent for Azithromycin and Clarithromycin was 11 (high risk), and for the receptor water stream the risk quotient was 9.3 and 10.0 for Azithromycin and Clarithromycin; for Erythromycin, a quocient risk value of 0.5 (medium risk). For degradation of the antibiotics in aqueous solution, it was used UV-photolysis, by which the influence of pH (3-11) was evaluated. Azithromycin showed low degradation by acid pH; for other pH, as well, for all the other antibiotics, the degradation was above 70% after 60 min of treatment. It was conducted a kinetic study of the degradation process of macrolide antibiotics in different pHs, by which Azithromycin revealed a recalcitrant profile, and Roxithromycin, as the more easily degradable one. For identification of the products formed during the photolysis experiments it was used independent information acquisition and as precursor ions of fragments m/z 116 and 158, characteristic of the macrolide compounds, at three collision energies (30, 45, and 60 V). It was proposed fragmentation routes of the degradation products: 8 products for Azithromycin, 7 for Clarithromycin, 6 of Erythromycin and 8 Roxithromycin. Through the same experiments with independent information acquisition, it was investigated the presence of eventual metabolites in hospital effluent, and three metabolites were found. By applying photolysis to the hospital effluent fortified, at pH 7, it was observed that the degradation occurs above 80% for all compounds after 60 min of irradiation. It was observed the formation of degradation products previously determined by experiments in aqueous solution. It was also found three degradation products for Azithromycin, 2 for Clarithromycin, 1 for Erythromycin and 3 for Roxithromycin.